Displaying 302 publications
Fragaszy, S.; Fraj, M. B.; McKee, M.; Jobbins, G.; Fayad, A.; Fakih, M.; Lawrenson, L.; McDonnell, Rachael. 2022.
MENAdrought synthesis of drought vulnerability in Lebanon: final report. Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) for the Bureau for the Middle East of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). : Washington, DC, USA: USAID; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 67p.
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Case studies / Labour / Women / Refugees / Food security / Rural communities / Livelihoods / Socioeconomic impact / Political aspects / Debt / Finance / Market access / Farmers / Smallholders / State intervention / Stakeholders / Water scarcity / Groundwater / Infrastructure / Irrigation / Water use / Water supply / Agricultural sector / Water availability / Water management / Water resources / Climate change / Weather hazards / Monitoring / Risk reduction / Coping strategies / Planning / Policies / Impact assessment / Risk management / Vulnerability / Drought
Record No:H051018
Fragaszy, S.; Fraj, M. B.; McKee, M.; Jobbins, G.; Al-Karablieh, E.; Bergaoui, K.; Ghanim, A.; Lawrenson, L.; McDonnell, Rachael. 2022.
MENAdrought synthesis of drought vulnerability in Jordan: final report. Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) for the Bureau for the Middle East of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). : Washington, DC, USA: USAID; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 93p.
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Case studies / Debt / Finance / Governmental organizations / Stakeholders / Employment / Migration / Refugees / Livelihoods / Poverty / Households / Labour / Women / Food security / Smallholders / Farmers / Communities / Policies / Climate change / Water scarcity / Water extraction / Resilience / Water stress / Water management / Groundwater / Surface water / Water supply / Water resources / Coping strategies / Weather hazards / Irrigated farming / Livestock / Agricultural sector / Action plans / Impact assessment / Risk management / Vulnerability / Drought
Record No:H051017
Joshi, Deepa; Braaten, Y.; Hakhu, Arunima; Pradhan, Rubina; Gallant, Bryce. 2021.
Gender and inclusion in the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE): an end of program reflection and evaluation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 30p.
(WLE Legacy Series 5) [DOI]More... |
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The growing relevance of research on gender and social inclusion in agricultural research for development calls for systemic, transformative change processes. Transformative gender ambitions can stand at odds with personal biases and experiences that shape diverse understandings of gender, institutional values, structures and cultures that tend to reward technological quick-fix solutions, and other practical challenges to ‘doing’ gender on the ground. Very little is known about these challenges. How are these challenges navigated by (relatively small) teams of gender researchers, who are often caught between the demand for tangible fast gains on gender, and the intractable challenges of deep-rooted and complex, intersectional gender inequalities? This was the focus of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) End of Program Reflection and Evaluation (EoPRE) to assess how gender and inclusion research is pursued, and the key barriers to knowing and doing gender in eight research projects. Adopting a reflexive, self-analytical feminist approach to evaluation, this EoPRE facilitated eight project teams, diverse and with an uneven focus on gender, to connect the dots between the processes of knowing and doing gender research. A key finding of this evaluation is that the need for change is foremost internal. We need to begin by fixing our personal biases and assumptions, and fixing institutional cultures, values and structures instead of just trying to fix things out there, including fixing poor and marginalized women. A key recommendation is to seek more regular and open conversations across researcher disciplines and hierarchies, and between CGIAR and external partners and stakeholders, including feminist grassroots actors and networks – on what works well (and does not) and why. This would allow us to grasp why we start with different meanings and conceptualizations of gender; how agile we are (or not) in adapting to changes on the ground; and how, through a culture of reflection and learning, we might shift pathways to more transformative change processes in a fast evolving and increasingly unequal world.
Impact assessment / Diversification / Policies / Stakeholders / Corporate culture / Institutions / Learning / Norms / Social change / Marginalization / Women / Gender-transformative approaches / Agricultural research for development / Project evaluation / Research programmes / CGIAR / Social inclusion / Gender equality
Record No:H050977
Fabricius, C.; Novellie, P.; Ringler, C.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; Wright, D. 2021.
Resilience in agro-ecological landscapes: process principles and outcome indicators. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 36p.
(WLE Legacy Series 4) [DOI]More... |
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This paper explores outcome indicators and process principles to evaluate landscape resilience in agro-ecosystems, drawing on outcome indicator case studies of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). Four questions are addressed: (1) which outcome indicators and process principles feature most prominently in the seminal literature on resilient agro-ecological landscapes? (2) to what extent are these principles represented in CGIAR Outcome Impact Case Reports (OICRs) and selected peer-reviewed studies? (3) how does the use of process principles in the case studies compare to their occurrence in the theoretical literature? and (4) which process principles co-occur with related outcome indicators in the OICRs? The findings enable researchers and practitioners to be more specific about the outcomes and processes that drive resilience in agro-ecosystems, thereby informing adaptive program management. Seven novel research themes are proposed.
Stakeholders / Institutions / Governance / Livelihoods / Social inclusion / Gender equity / Farm income / Land rights / Land access / Biodiversity / Ecosystem services / Agroecosystems / Soil management / Agrifood systems / Production systems / Sustainability / Meta-analysis / Case studies / Monitoring / Impact assessment / Research programmes / CGIAR / Indicators / Ecosystem resilience / Agricultural landscape / Agroecology
Record No:H050974
Johnson, N. 2021.
Measuring the impact of integrated systems research: promising approaches and why CGIAR needs to care. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 21p.
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Measuring the impact of integrated systems research has been a challenge to CGIAR since it expanded into natural resource management research in the early 1990s. Despite repeated efforts, it has yet to be adequately addressed. Meanwhile, the demand for evidence of impact on development outcomes has only increased, as have calls for greater methodological rigor. At the same time, there is greater recognition of the complex, systemic nature of many problems facing society today and the need for new approaches to designing, implementing and evaluating research. In an attempt to provide pragmatic guidance to One CGIAR and others on how to address these issues in the design of research for development programs that involve integrated systems research (ISR), CGIAR held a virtual workshop on Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research on September 27–30, 2021. Participants took stock of recent experiences and reviewed existing and new tools and approaches with the potential to overcome conceptual, empirical and institutional challenges that obstruct ISR. In terms of methods for assessing the impact of ISR, the workshop highlighted recent advances in the use of geospatial data and called for more significant investment in both the quantity and quality of qualitative methods. Integrating monitoring, evaluation, learning and impact assessment (MELIA) into the research programs will require greater capacity on the part of managers, researchers and MELIA specialists to use theory of change effectively and efficiently for multiple purposes. It is also becoming increasingly clear that some of the challenges in conducting ISR in CGIAR are not technical but have to do with structures, processes and internal tensions within CGIAR itself about the kind of outcomes it seeks and the way it organizes and implements research. While calling for research that contributes to sustainability and systems transformation, CGIAR has in different ways failed to adequately support, and to learn from, the kinds of integrated systems approaches that will likely underpin success. Workshop participants proposed tackling this head-on through changing CGIAR systems, processes and incentive structures, and engaging directly with funders on how impact is understood and measured.
Remote sensing / Water systems / Land use / Food systems / Organizational learning / Funding / Investment / Natural resources management / Monitoring and evaluation / Research programmes / CGIAR / Impact assessment / Systems research / Integrated systems / Agricultural research for development
Record No:H050911
Magalhaes, M.; Ringler, C.; Verma, Shilp; Schmitter, Petra. 2021.
Accelerating rural energy access for agricultural transformation: contribution of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems to transforming food, land and water systems in a climate crisis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 26p.
(WLE Legacy Series 3) [DOI]More... |
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With adverse impacts of climate change growing in number and intensity, there is an urgent need to reduce emissions from food systems to net zero. This can only be achieved if rural areas in low- and middle-income countries gain access to clean energy. A review of the research and capacity building contributions of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) over the last 10 years suggests important contributions in the areas of energy policy and energy investment planning, cost and feasibility frameworks, and business models for clean energy technology uptake. WLE has also conducted successful pilot projects on solar irrigation to provide an evidence base for scaling up innovative energy initiatives. Finally, the program also considered non-agricultural uses of energy where relevant to food systems, and implemented capacity building activities.
Going forward, CGIAR has a key role to play in providing information, supporting access and piloting innovative, scalable clean energy interventions to support the achievement of multiple impacts for the poorest and most food-insecure women and men farmers and entrepreneurs.
Food security / Women / Farmers / Smallholders / Capacity development / Business models / Income generation / Reuse / Resource recovery / Emission reduction / Environmental sustainability / Pilot projects / Innovation / Investment / Technology / Pumps / Electricity / Groundwater / Irrigation systems / Solar energy / Energy consumption / Climate change / Water systems / Land use / Agrifood systems / Research programmes / CGIAR / Rural areas / Energy policies / Transformation / Agriculture
Record No:H050910
Douthwaite, B.; Child, K. 2021.
How agricultural research for development achieves developmental outcomes: learning lessons to inform One CGIAR science and technology policy research. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 27p.
(WLE Legacy Series 2) [DOI]More... |
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At the end of 2021, CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) will be replaced by Initiatives housed within One CGIAR. This new modality is intended to achieve higher levels of impact at a faster rate and at reduced cost compared to the CRPs. As One CGIAR begins, there is a unique opportunity to reflect on what has worked in different contexts. In this paper, we provide findings that relate to One CGIAR’s overarching view of how it will achieve positive and measurable impacts, and for agricultural research for development (AR4D) more generally. Specifically, we draw from three related CRP evaluations to identify how different types of AR4D approaches have contributed to successful outcomes. In the final section of the paper, we present our conclusions and provide a list of recommendations for the science and technology policy of One CGIAR and possibly other integrated research for development programs.
Case studies / Models / Databases / Farmers / State intervention / Funding / Donors / Electricity supplies / Irrigation systems / Solar energy / Phytosanitary measures / Fertilizers / Seed certification / Cassava / Soil quality / Advisory services / Capacity development / Agronomy / Policy innovation / Technology / Agricultural innovation / Monitoring and evaluation / Impact assessment / Research programmes / CGIAR / Agricultural research for development
Record No:H050909
Reddy, V. R.; Pavelic, Paul; Reddy, M. S. 2021.
Participatory management and sustainable use of groundwater: a review of the Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems project in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 21p.
(Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 05) [DOI]More... |
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This GRIPP Case Profile assesses whether the proactive involvement of rural communities in the management of groundwater positively contributes towards sustainable resource use. The assessment uses the long-term (2003-2013) Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS) project in India as a case study. Implemented across seven districts, the assessment is based on a critical review and synthesis of existing literature and complementary field visits conducted five years after project closure. APFAMGS worked towards creating awareness and bringing about behavioral change to achieve sustainable groundwater use, primarily for irrigation. The approach focused on knowledge transfer and capacity building to set up participatory processes conducive to informal management measures, and technologies supporting participatory hydrological monitoring and crop water budgeting. In addition, awareness creation in relation to demand as well as supply side management options was critical. The analysis suggests that APFAMGS has helped in filling the knowledge and information gaps on groundwater resources among local farming communities. Some degree of long-term reduction in groundwater pumping was observed, but the attribution to the project is not clear, and effects on reducing groundwater level declines may be limited and localized. The APFAMGS approach of participatory groundwater management (PGM) fell short in terms of equity considerations, with implications for the institutional sustainability of the approach. The study provides policy guidance for adopting more inclusive PGM-based institutions on a wider scale.
Villages / Rural communities / Socioeconomic aspects / Food security / Livelihoods / Water user associations / Non-governmental organizations / Funding / Institutions / Water budget / Crop production / Equity / Regulations / Water policies / Hydrological factors / Groundwater level / Wells / Pumping / Groundwater extraction / Behavioural changes / Technology transfer / Awareness-raising / Capacity development / Project evaluation / Water systems / Farmer-led irrigation / Sustainable use / Water use efficiency / Participatory management / Groundwater management
Record No:H050839
Aheeyar, Mohamed; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Bucatariu, C.; Reitemeier, M.; Bandara, A.; Thiel, Felix; Drechsel, Pay. 2021.
Governance analysis for urban-wholesale-to-household’s food waste prevention and reduction in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 42p.
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Institutions / Climate change / Nutrition / Food safety / Policies / Legislation / Guidelines / Waste management / Wholesale markets / Household wastes / Urban areas / Frameworks / Governance / Waste reduction / Food wastes
Record No:H050834
Aheeyar, Mohamed; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Bandara, A.; Bucatariu, C.; Reitemeier, M.; Drechsel, Pay. 2021.
Urban stakeholder analysis for food waste prevention and reduction in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 62p.
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Institutions / Policies / Food production / Solid wastes / Local authorities / Municipal authorities / Urban areas / Waste management / Stakeholder analysis / Waste reduction / Food wastes
Record No:H050833
Child, K.; Desta, G.; Douthwaite, B.; Haileslassie, Amare; van Rooyen, A.; Tamene, L.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan. 2021.
Impact tracking: a practitioner-developed approach to scaling agricultural innovation in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 28p.
(WLE Legacy Series 1) [DOI]More... |
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This paper argues for more creativity and flexibility in agricultural research for development (AR4D) scaling and impact evaluation in complex contexts. While acknowledging the importance of setting reasonable end-of-project targets and outcomes, we argue that the achievement of outcomes and impacts, particularly in complex contexts, requires adaptive management and acknowledgment that significant positive outcomes and impacts may occur after the project funding cycle is complete. The paper presents a practitioner-developed approach to scaling AR4D innovations called Impact Tracking (IT). We illustrate IT in practice by presenting three case studies from Ethiopia in which IT proved crucial to achieving impact. The paper concludes by drawing lessons from the case studies and discussing what implications IT may have for development practitioners.
Case studies / Collaboration / Stakeholders / Data management / Landscape / Taxes / Irrigation equipment / Watershed management / Community involvement / Partnerships / Funding / Research programmes / Policies / Project evaluation / Agricultural research for development / Impact assessment / Scaling / Agricultural innovation
Record No:H050789
Taron, Avinandan; Drechsel, Pay; Gebrezgabher, Solomie. 2021.
Gender dimensions of solid and liquid waste management for reuse in agriculture in Asia and Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 33p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 21) [DOI]More... |
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This report examines social equality aspects related to resource recovery through solid waste composting and wastewater irrigation. The report shows that women are represented in greatest numbers at the base of the recycling chain, most often as informal waste pickers and as sorters of recyclables with limited access to resources and upward mobility. Despite a wide gender gap in the solid waste and sanitation sectors, women play a key role in both municipal waste reduction and food safety where irrigation water is unsafe. Analyzing the gender dimension is important for understanding household responses to recycling programs, differences between the formal and informal sectors as well as along the waste-to-resource value chain from collection to treatment and reuse. The report stresses the important role of women in household waste management, including waste segregation, and the power of women-dominated waste picker associations, where the informal sector plays an essential role alongside the formal sector.
Farmers / Entrepreneurs / Social marketing / Community involvement / Sanitation / Health hazards / Sustainable Development Goals / Wastewater irrigation / Composting / Organic wastes / Wastewater treatment / Recycling / Waste collection / Faecal sludge / Household wastes / Urban wastes / s participation / Womenapos / Business models / Circular economy / Agricultural value chains / Liquid wastes / Solid wastes / Waste management / Social equality / Gender equity / Water reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H050720
Mansour, G.; Darteh, B.; Jabagi, E.; Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke. 2021.
Supporting enterprises in capturing waste value: lessons learned from the CapVal sanitation project in Ghana. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 39p.
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Employment / Marketing / Land acquisitions / Project implementation / Product certification / Stakeholders / Public-private partnerships / Aquaculture / Briquettes / Composting / Forestry / Energy generation / Urban development / Urban agriculture / Urban wastes / Agricultural wastes / Sawdust / Faecal sludge / Waste treatment / Solid wastes / Wastewater treatment / Waste management / Urban areas / Circular economy / Business models
Record No:H050664
Ali Shah, Muhammad Azeem; Akbar, Muhammad Zain Bin. 2021.
Solar irrigation in Pakistan: a situation analysis report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 35p.
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Farmers / Sustainability / Policies / Water quality / Tube wells / Water use / Pumps / Water extraction / Groundwater / Irrigation systems / Solar energy
Record No:H050621
Shrestha, Shisher; Uprety, Labisha. 2021.
Solar irrigation in Nepal: a situation analysis report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 43p.
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Inclusion / Women / Gender / Farmers / Sustainability / Governance / Subsidies / Business models / Policies / Electricity / Renewable energy / Pumps / Groundwater irrigation / Solar energy
Record No:H050620
Yashodha, Yashodha; Sanjay, Aditi; Mukherji, Aditi. 2021.
Solar irrigation in India: a situation analysis report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 29p.
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Farmers / State intervention / Subsidies / Electricity / Tariffs / Pumps / Business models / Renewable energy / Agricultural sector / Policies / Groundwater irrigation / Solar energy
Record No:H050619
Mitra, Archisman; Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Yashodha, Yashodha. 2021.
Solar irrigation in Bangladesh: a situation analysis report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 39p.
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Farmers / Seasonal cropping / Greenhouse gas emissions / Pumps / Tube wells / Sustainability / Energy generation / Business models / Groundwater irrigation / Solar energy
Record No:H050618
DeClerck, F. A. J.; Koziell, I.; Sidhu, A.; Wirths, J.; Benton, T.; Garibaldi, L. A.; Kremen, C.; Maron, M.; Rumbaitis del Rio, C.; Clark, M.; Dickens, Chris; Estrada-Carmona, N.; Fremier, A. K.; Jones, S. K.; Khoury, C. K.; Lal, R.; Obersteiner, M.; Remans, R.; Rusch, A.; Schulte, L. A.; Simmonds, J.; Stringer, L. C.; Weber, C.; Winowiecki, L. 2021.
Biodiversity and agriculture: rapid evidence review. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 70p.
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Developing countries / Genetic diversity (as resource) / Pest control / Pollination / Soil fertility / Agricultural landscape / Investment / Policies / Sustainable Development Goals / Resilience / Climate change mitigation / Water security / Water quality / Environmental security / Habitats / Ecosystem services / Agroecology / Diversification / Food production / Food security / Livelihoods / Nutrition / Healthy diets / Agricultural productivity / Food systems / Agrobiodiversity
Record No:H050605
Amoah, Philip; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Drechsel, Pay. 2021.
Safe and sustainable business models for water reuse in aquaculture in developing countries. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 46p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 20) [DOI]More... |
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Wastewater-fed aquaculture has a long history, especially in Asia. This report examines three empirical cases of integrated wastewater treatment and aquaculture production. From an aquaculture entrepreneur’s perspective, the combination of fish farming and wastewater treatment in common waste stabilization ponds allows significant savings on capital (pond infrastructure) and running costs (wastewater supporting fish feed). On the other hand, the treatment plant owner will have the benefit of a partner taking over plant maintenance. Given the importance of food safety and related perceptions, the report is focusing on innovative business models where the marketed fish is not in direct contact with the treated wastewater, but only the brood stock or fish feed. The financial analysis of the presented systems shows profitable options for the fish farmer, operational and in part capital cost recovery for the treatment plant, and as the treatment plant operators can stop charging households a sanitation fee, eventually a triple-win situation for both partners and the served community.
Case studies / Environmental impact / Socioeconomic impact / Risk assessment / Public health / Water quality / Food safety / Nutrients / Fish feeding / Cost recovery / Circular economy / Financial analysis / Fisheries value chains / Markets / Nongovernmental organizations / Public-private partnerships / Stabilization ponds / Treatment plants / Infrastructure / Integrated systems / Fishery production / Wastewater treatment / Developing countries / Sustainability / Business models / Wastewater aquaculture / Water reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H050557
Senanayake, Dehaja; Reitemeier, Maren; Thiel, Felix; Drechsel, Pay. 2021.
Business models for urban food waste prevention, redistribution, recovery and recycling. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 85p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 19) [DOI]More... |
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A necessary extension of the concept of Resource Recovery and Reuse with an even higher priority is the prevention and reduction of waste. One concern, in particular, is food waste, which constitutes the largest share of human waste. Target 12.3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to ‘halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses, by 2030’. For this report, over 400 businesses were analyzed to identify common approaches and business models to address the food waste challenge. The business models are presented under seven categories – measurement, redistribution, resell, value addition, responsible waste collection, resource recovery, and recycling – with a special focus on their application potential to the Global South.
Costs / Consumer participation / Awareness raising / Policies / Regulations / Feeds / Composting / Food preservation / Environmental impact / Goal 12 Responsible production and consumption / Sustainable Development Goals / Nutrients / Energy recovery / Incentives / Markets / Public-private partnerships / Entrepreneurs / Stakeholders / Food supply chains / Waste collection / Food losses / Food consumption / Recycling / Redistribution / Waste reduction / Urban wastes / Waste management / Business models / Food wastes / Reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H050448
Yu, W.; Rex, William; McCartney, Matthew; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; von Gnechten, Rachel; Priscoli, J. D. 2021.
Storing water: a new integrated approach for resilient development. : Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership (GWP); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 28p.
(GWP Perspectives Paper 13) More... |
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This paper outlines a new and integrated water storage agenda for resilient development in a world increasingly characterised by water stress and climate uncertainty and variability.; Storing water has long been a cornerstone of socio-economic development, particularly for societies exposed to large climatic variability. Nature has always supplied the bulk of water storage on earth, but built storage has increased significantly, particularly over the twentieth century. Today, numerous countries suffer from water storage gaps and increasingly variable precipitation, threatening sustainable development and even societal stability. There is a growing need to develop more storage types and manage existing storage better. At the same time, the policy, engineering, and scientific communities may not fully recognise the extent of these storage gaps and how best to manage them. There are large and uncertain costs and benefits of different types of storage, and developing storage can be risky and controversial. Although there is consensus that built and natural storage are fundamentally complementary, there is still no pragmatic agenda to guide future integrated water storage development.; This paper argues that water storage should be recognised as a service rather than only a facility. More than volumes of water stored behind a dam or in a watershed, what ultimately matters is the ability to provide different services at a particular time and place with a given level of assurance. Integrated storage systems should be developed and managed to deliver a targeted service standard. This will reduce the costs of new storage development and make the benefits more sustainable.; As this paper demonstrates, there are numerous data gaps pertaining to water storage, as well as a need for greater clarity on some key concepts. This paper does not introduce new data or research but rather provides a review of some of the current knowledge and issues around water storage, and outlines a new, integrated and constructive water storage agenda for the decades to come.
Wetlands / Reservoirs / Glaciers / River basins / Lakes / Dams / Aquifers / Groundwater / Soil moisture / Rainfall patterns / Risk / Water demand / Infrastructure / Water supply / Socioeconomic development / Resilience / Climate change / Sustainable development / Water management / Water resources / Integrated management / Water storage
Record No:H050263
Pavelic, Paul; Sikka, Alok; Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Sharma, Bharat R.; Muthuwatta, Lal; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Villholth, Karen G.; Shalsi, S.; Mishra, V. K.; Jha, S. K.; Verma, C. L.; Sharma, N.; Reddy, V. R.; Rout, S. K.; Kant, L.; Govindan, M.; Gangopadhyay, P.; Brindha, K.; Chinnasamy, P.; Smakhtin, V. 2021.
Utilizing floodwaters for recharging depleted aquifers and sustaining irrigation: lessons from multi-scale assessments in the Ganges River Basin, India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 20p.
(Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 04) [DOI]More... |
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Pragmatic, cost-effective, socially inclusive and scalable solutions that reduce risks from recurrent cycles of floods and droughts would greatly benefit emerging economies. One promising approach known as Underground Transfer of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI) involves recharging depleted aquifers with seasonal high flows to provide additional groundwater for irrigated agriculture during dry periods, while also mitigating floods. It has been identified that there is potential for implementing the UTFI approach across large parts of South Asia. The first pilot-scale implementation of UTFI was carried out in a rural community of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, and performance of the approach was assessed over three years from a technical, environmental, socioeconomic and institutional perspective. The results are promising and show that UTFI has the potential to enhance groundwater storage and control flooding, if replicated across larger scales. The challenges and opportunities for more wide-scale implementation of UTFI are identified and discussed in this report. In areas with high potential for implementation, policy makers should consider UTFI as an option when making decisions associated with relevant water-related development challenges.
Drought / Rain / Monsoons / Wells / Ponds / River basins / Environmental impact / Irrigated farming / Food security / Livelihoods / Socioeconomic aspects / Community involvement / Stakeholders / Cost benefit analysis / Risk management / Assessment / Pilot projects / Technology / Pumping / Water quality / Water storage / Groundwater table / Flood control / Transfer of waters / Groundwater flow / Sustainable use / Groundwater irrigation / Groundwater depletion / Water use / Floodwater / Aquifers / Groundwater recharge / Groundwater management
Record No:H050171
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2020.
Faecal sludge management in Africa: socioeconomic aspects and human and environmental health implications. : Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 64p.
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Legal aspects / Institutions / Inclusion / Women / Gender / Business models / Technology / Good practices / Sustainable Development Goals / Trends / Value chains / Sanitation / Pit latrines / Septic tanks / Pathogens / Excreta / Treatment plants / Recycling / Waste disposal / Wastewater treatment / Health hazards / Public health / Environmental health / Socioeconomic aspects / Waste management / Faecal sludge
Record No:H050374
Nguyen-Khoa, S.; McCartney, Matthew; Funge-Smith, S.; Smith, L.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Dubois, M. 2020.
Increasing the benefits and sustainability of irrigation through the integration of fisheries: a guide for water planners, managers and engineers. : Rome, Italy: FAO; Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 92p.
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There is increasing recognition of the need to bring about changes across the full spectrum of agricultural practices to ensure that, in future, food production systems are more diverse, sustainable and resilient. In this context, the objectives of irrigation need to be much more ambitious, shifting away from simply maximizing crop yields to maximizing net benefits across a range of uses of irrigation water, including ecosystems and nature-based solutions. One important way to achieve this is by better integrating fisheries into the planning, design, construction, operation and management of irrigation systems. Irrigation – a major contributor to the Green Revolution – has significantly improved agricultural production worldwide, with consequent benefits for food security, livelihoods and poverty alleviation. Today, irrigated agriculture represents about 21 percent of cultivated land, but contributes approximately 40% of the total global crop production. Many governments continue to invest in irrigation as a cornerstone of food security and rural development. Investments in irrigation often represent a pragmatic form of adaptation to changing climatic conditions. This guide focuses on how to sustainably optimize and broaden the range of benefits from irrigation development - not only economic but also social and environmental benefits. It emphasizes the opportunities that fisheries could provide to increase food production and economic returns, enhance livelihoods and public health outcomes, and maintain key ecosystem services. The guide considers possible trade-offs between irrigation and fisheries, and provides recommendations on how these could be minimized.
Floodplains / Rivers / Water reservoirs / Rural areas / Conflicts / Stakeholders / Institutions / Water governance / Participatory approaches / Community management / Sustainable Development Goals / Trends / Environmental Impact Assessment / Monitoring and evaluation / Socioeconomic environment / Nutrition security / Food security / Livelihoods / Infrastructure / Irrigated farming / Aquaculture / Habitats / Aquatic ecosystems / Irrigation management / Guidelines / Water management / Water resources / Integrated management / Irrigation systems / Sustainability / Fishery production
Record No:H050111
Ulrich, Andreas; Ekasanti, Prawisti; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Taron, Avinandan. 2020.
Catalog of technical options for fecal sludge management in Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 140p.
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Sustainable Development Goals / Sanitation / Costs / Maintenance / Planning / Legislation / Pelleting / Composting / Pumps / Heat treatment / Anaerobic digesters / Septic tanks / Transport / Reuse / Resource recovery / Treatment plants / Waste treatment / Value chains / Technological changes / Waste management / Faecal sludge
Record No:H050042
Majumder, Ayan; Ulrich, Andreas; Taron, Avinandan. 2020.
Catalog of technical options for solid waste management in Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 115p.
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Fulltext (11.7 MB)
Public participation / Households / Costs / Maintenance / Planning / Regulations / Fuels / Plastics / Composting / Organic wastes / Methane fermentation / Waste landfills / Recycling / Waste treatment / Transport / Urban wastes / Waste collection / Waste disposal / Reuse / Resource recovery / Value chains / Technological changes / Solid wastes / Waste management
Record No:H050041
Rao, Krishna C.; Velidandla, S.; Scott, C. L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2020.
Business models for fecal sludge management in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 199p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 18: Special Issue) [DOI]More... |
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Globally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (Eamp;T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for Eamp;T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of Eamp;T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
Case studies / Households / Composting / Biogas / Nutrients / Energy recovery / Taxes / Government procurement / Technology / Risk / Profitability / Benefits / Cost recovery / Operating costs / Investment / Pricing / Marketing / Funding / Financial viability / Nongovernmental organizations / Stakeholders / Public-private partnerships / Urban areas / Treatment plants / Transport / Waste disposal / Toilets / Septic tanks / Solid wastes / Sustainable Development Goals / Hygiene / Sanitation / Desludging / Waste treatment / Value chains / Business models / Waste management / Faecal sludge / Reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H050010
Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Kumara, I. U.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2020.
Solid and liquid waste management and resource recovery in Sri Lanka: a 20 city analysis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 83p.
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Development projects / Sanitation / Households / Local authorities / Municipal authorities / Water supply / Waste landfills / Composting / Desludging / Recycling / Latrines / Faecal sludge / Septic tanks / Sewerage / Waste disposal / Treatment plants / Municipal wastewater / Urban wastes / Urban areas / Resource management / Reuse / Resource recovery / Liquid wastes / Solid wastes / Waste management
Record No:H050009
Nikiema, Josiane; Tanoh-Nguessan, R.; Abiola, F.; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2020.
Introducing co-composting to fecal sludge treatment plants in Benin and Burkina Faso: a logistical and financial assessment. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 50p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 17) [DOI]More... |
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Based on primary data from fecal sludge (FS) treatment plants in three West African urban regions (Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, Greater Accra in Ghana, and Grand Nokou in Benin), FS collection and treatment patterns were analyzed to identify possible scenarios for resource recovery (RR) through FS co-composting. FS collection was analyzed for up to 7 years, in part per day, month and season, as well as FS characteristics to understand peak flows, FS qualities and related variations to plan for appropriate RR technology and capacities.
Overall, the FS volumes collected by vacuum trucks were not significantly affected by the calendar days, months or seasons. Commonly assumed increases during rainy months were, for example, only recorded in Ouagadougou. FS composition appeared highly variable with a pronounced difference in total solids between FS collected from households versus institutional sources, likely indicating that institutions are served more frequently.
The analyzed treatment plants appear to be exploited beyond their capacity. RR for reuse can turn sludge disposal from a cost into a source of revenue with co-benefits for farmers and the environment, thereby reducing the pressure on tipping fees. The probability of the added co-compost production being financially viable on its own was estimated for all the study sites, indicating an earliest breakeven point after 5 to 8 years.
Households / Urban areas / Land use / Cost benefit analysis / Marketing / Operating costs / Production costs / Cost recovery / Business models / Investment / Public-private partnerships / Maintenance / Technology / Sanitation / Septic tanks / Anaerobic treatment / Sludge dewatering / Waste disposal / Recycling / Sewerage / Waste collection / Waste management / Economic analysis / Logistics / Composting / Treatment plants / Solid wastes / Waste treatment / Faecal sludge / Reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H049802
Nikiema, Josiane; Impraim, Robert; Cofie, Olufunke; Nartey, Eric; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Thiel, Felix; Drechsel, Pay. 2020.
Training manual for fecal sludge-based compost production and application. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 63p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 15) [DOI]More... |
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Over the last decade, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has explored the use of fecal sludge (FS) in combination with other organic waste sources to optimize FS treatment and composting for the production of a safe organic fertilizer, which can – depending on demand – be enriched with crop nutrients or pelletized for volume reduction, delayed decomposition or easier application. Based on IWMI’s experience, this training manual has been compiled for plant managers and trainers to help ensure that staff involved in FS treatment and production, and application of an FS-based co-compost adopt best practices in all processes involved. The manual can be adapted to local needs as required. It also includes information on compost registration and certification, as well as guidelines for co-compost application in the field.
Product certification / Carbon / Nitrogen / Plant nutrition / Fertilizer application / Fertilizer technology / Environmental effects / Pathogens / Health hazards / Protective clothing / Safety at work / Maintenance / Equipment / Monitoring / Product quality / Pelleting / Enrichment / Decomposition / Aerobic treatment / Sludge dewatering / Feedstocks / Urban wastes / Liquid wastes / Solid wastes / Organic wastes / Best practices / Guidelines / Manuals / Training materials / Organic fertilizers / Composting / Faecal sludge / Waste treatment / Waste management / Reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H049476
Ulrich, Andreas; Taron, Avinandan; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2019.
Assessment of the FSM value-chain in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 123p.
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Composting / Sustainability / Institutions / Financial analysis / Feasibility studies / Septic tanks / Infrastructure / Treatment plants / Wastewater treatment / Business models / Reuse / Resource recovery / Assessment / Value chains / Waste management / Faecal sludge
Record No:H050832
Borgomeo, Edoardo; Santos, N. 2019.
Towards a new generation of policies and investments in agricultural water in the Arab region: fertile ground for innovation. Background paper prepared for the high level meeting on agricultural water policies and investments. : Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 124p.
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The Arab region needs a new generation of policies and investments in agricultural water. Agricultural water management has always posed challenges and opportunities in the Arab world. However, unprecedented and accelerating drivers such as climate change, population growth, and land degradation make agricultural water management a more urgent priority than ever before. In addition, as part of the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development, Arab countries have committed to work towards an ambitious set of development targets, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unless the right policies and investments are put in place, it will be difficult to achieve the SDGs, including ending hunger and providing clean water and sanitation for all.
This paper is part of an ongoing collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Water Management Institute to foster dialogue on agricultural water policies and investments in the context of the FAO led Regional Water Scarcity initiative. The purpose of the paper is to frame the key challenges and opportunities in the sector – including emerging innovations in digital agriculture, water accounting, water supply and wastewater reuse – and to lay out broad strategic directions for action.
Case studies / Farmers / Gender / Social protection / Economic value / Public-private partnerships / Solar energy / Technology / Innovation / Water reuse / Wastewater / Climate change / Groundwater / Water resources / Water user associations / Water productivity / Water governance / Water scarcity / Water supply / Water security / Food security / Food policies / Agricultural development / Sustainable Development Goals / Funding / Irrigation investment / Agricultural policies / Water policy / Water management / Agricultural sector
Record No:H049659
Chuthong, J.; Liu, H.; Xu, F.; Cheng, D.; Zhang, W.; Leh, Mansoor; Lacombe, Guillaume. 2019.
Joint research on hydrological impacts of the Lancang hydropower cascade on downstream extreme events: final report. : Vientiane, Lao PDR: Mekong River Commission (MRC); Beijing, China: Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center (LMWRCC); Beijing, China: China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 140p.
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Models / Salinity / Meteorological stations / International waters / Climatic factors / Dry season / Runoff / Water levels / Discharges / Stream flow / Dams / Rivers / Reservoirs / Water resources / Rain / Precipitation / Flooding / Drought / Extreme weather events / Hydrological factors / Development projects / Hydropower
Record No:H049432
Joly, Gabrielle; Nikiema, Josiane. 2019.
Global experiences on waste processing with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): from technology to business. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 62p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 16) [DOI]More... |
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Black soldier fly colonies can produce about 100 times more protein per year than chicken or soybeans, not to mention cattle, on the same area of land. The flies can directly feed on different types of organic wastes, leapfrogging closed loop processes within a circular food economy. Also, where no protein is needed, for example, to feed fish or pigs, the larvae can be processed into high-quality biodiesel. However, can this be done at scale? The answer is ‘Yes’. The report showcases some of the leading global businesses in Black Soldier Fly production.
Case studies / Markets / Business models / Public health / Social benefits / Legal aspects / Environmental effects / Costs / Economic value / Economic impact / Monitoring / Infrastructure / Energy conservation / Nutrients / Fertilizers / Organic wastes / Residues / Chitin / Biodiesel / Biofuels / Biomass / Feedstocks / Animal feeding / Lipid content / Harvesting / Yields / Pupae / Larvae / Breeding / Insect farming / Bioconversion / Life cycle / Hermetia illucens / Black soldier fly / Technology / Waste reduction / Waste treatment / Waste management / Reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H049395
Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B.; Fernando, Sudarshana; Hanjra, M. A. 2019.
Guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management from on-site sanitation facilities. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 57p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 14) [DOI]More... |
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In low- and middle-income countries, the management of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems has received little attention over many decades, resulting in insufficient or missing regulations to guide investments and management options. To address this gap, this report examines existing and emerging guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management (FSM) along the sanitation service chain (user interface, containment, emptying, transport, treatment, valorization, reuse or disposal). It also draws empirical examples from guidelines across the globe to support policy-makers, planners, and sanitation and health officers, as well as consultants in low- and middle-income countries in the development and design of local and national FSM guidelines and regulations.
European Union / Governmental organizations / Institutions / Stakeholders / Households / Urban areas / Land use / Occupational hazards / Environmental protection / Fuels / Energy generation / Composting / Organic fertilizers / Sewage sludge / Soil conditioners / Microplastics / Heavy metals / Pollutants / Aquaculture / Pathogens / Excreta / Public health / Operating costs / Transport / Septic tanks / Pit latrines / Waste treatment / Waste disposal / Technology / Frameworks / Sustainable Development Goals / Policies / Standards / Regulations / Guidelines / Sanitation / Faecal sludge / Reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H049291
Dickens, Chris; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Ndhlovu, Brown. 2019.
Mainstreaming the Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 23p.
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The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development promises to achieve change in almost every aspect of life on Earth. Encompassing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets, the Agenda marks the first time in history when all nations have agreed on how to chart their future. The SDGs are not just a global reporting exercise, however, but rather involve a global program that embraces country-led efforts. Guided by the ideas contained in the 2030 Agenda, each nation must seek to become more prosperous and sustainable, while contributing to the global effort at the same time. If all the countries achieve this, we will have a sustainable planet and a secure future for all.
This document offers guidance on how developing countries can adapt the SDGs to their own contexts and priorities. It indicates important areas for developing countries to consider when creating their own program to achieve the SDGs, and provides examples of success to demonstrate concrete possibilities for progress.
Strategies / Risk assessment / Adaptability / Accountability / Impact assessment / Monitoring / Budgeting / Financing / Governance / Institutions / Government agencies / National planning / Development policies / Economic development / Awareness raising / Partnerships / Public-private cooperation / Multi-stakeholder processes / Development indicators / UN / Developing countries / Mainstreaming / Sustainable Development Goals
Record No:H049245
Suhardiman, Diana; de Silva, Sanjiv; Arulingam, Indika; Rodrigo, Sashan; Nicol, Alan. 2019.
Review of water and climate adaptation financing and institutional frameworks in South Asia. Background Paper 3. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 110p.
(Climate Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia) [DOI]More... |
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Stakeholders / Coastal area / Irrigation systems / Risk management / Government agencies / Nongovernmental organizations / Cooperation / Domestic water / Climate-smart agriculture / Poverty / Population growth / Integrated management / Groundwater depletion / Surface water / Hydropower / Food production / Food security / Energy resources / Planning / Decision making / Landscape / Costs / Funding / Financing / Economic situation / Rainfall / Drought / Flooding / Climate change adaptation / International waters / Water governance / Water scarcity / Water institutions / Water supply / Water management / Water quality / Water availability / Water demand / Water resources development
Record No:H049186
Davis, R.; Hirji, R. 2019.
Review of water and climate change policies in South Asia. Background Paper 2. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 120p.
(Climate Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia) [DOI]More... |
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Community involvement / Resource management / Risk management / Conjunctive use / Sanitation / Soil management / Early warning systems / Sedimentation / Landslides / Erosion / Meltwater / Legislation / Irrigation systems / Irrigation management / Dams / Precipitation / Coastal waters / Sea level / Aquifers / Stream flow / International waters / Public administration / Drought / Flood control / Investment / Water storage / Water use efficiency / Water quality / Groundwater recharge / Groundwater management / Surface water / Monitoring / Education / Communication / Planning / Infrastructure / Knowledge / Integrated management / River basin management / Water supply / Water user associations / Water governance / Water policy / Water management / Water resources development / Climate change adaptation
Record No:H049185
Lacombe, Guillaume; Chinnasamy, Pennan; Nicol, Alan. 2019.
Review of climate change science, knowledge and impacts on water resources in South Asia. Background Paper 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 73p.
(Climate Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia) [DOI]More... |
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Aerosols / Models / Hydrological factors / Governance / Decision making / Infrastructure / Monitoring / Knowledge / Semiarid zones / Land use / Erosion / Meltwater / Sea level / Precipitation / Landslides / Sedimentation / Cyclones / Contamination / Drought / Coastal area / Flooding / Risk management / Industrial uses / Stream flow / Groundwater recharge / Aquifers / International waters / Surface water / Evaporation / Temperature / Rain / Environmental impact assessment / Drinking water / Domestic water / Water quality / Water power / Water use efficiency / Water management / Water resources development / Climate change adaptation
Record No:H049184
Dickens, Chris; O’Brien, G.; Stassen, R.; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Kleynhans, M.; Rowntree, K.; Graham, M.; Ross-Gillespie, V.; MacKenzie, J.; Wymenga, E.; Mapedza, Everisto; Burnet, M.; Desai, M.; Hean, J. 2018.
E-Flows for the Upper Niger River and Inner Niger Delta: specialist response report for vegetation, fish, invertebrates and birds. [Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute for Wetlands International]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 104p.
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Modelling / Sediment / Floodplains / Water quality / Water resources / Sanitation / Vectors / Pathogens / Parasites / Onchocerciasis / Malaria / Risk assessment / Waterborne diseases / Public health / Living standards / Deltas / Rivers / Biodiversity / Habitats / Aquatic environment / Ecosystem services / Birds / Invertebrates / Fisheries / Vegetation / Environmental flows
Record No:H049436
Dickens, Chris; O’Brien, G.; Stassen, R.; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Kleynhans, M.; Rowntree, K.; Graham, M.; Ross-Gillespie, V. 2018.
E-flows for the Upper Niger and Inner Niger Delta: specialist reports - hydrology, hydraulics, geomorphology and water quality. [Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute for Wetlands International]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 210p.
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Models / Population density / Mining / Land use / Hydrodynamics / Climate change / Risk assessment / Habitats / Sediment / Dams / Catchment areas / Flooding / Flow discharge / Groundwater / Surface water / Freshwater / Water resources / Deltas / River basins / Water quality / Geomorphology / Hydraulics / Hydrology / Environmental flows
Record No:H049435
Dickens, Chris; O’Brien, G.; Stassen, R.; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Kleynhans, M.; Rowntree, K.; Graham, M.; Ross-Gillespie, V.; MacKenzie, J.; Wymenga, E.; Mapedza, Everisto; Burnet, M.; Desai, M.; Hean, J. 2018.
E-flows for the Upper Niger River and Inner Niger Delta: synthesis report. [Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute for Wetlands International]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 201p.
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Case studies / Modelling / Hydrodynamics / Ecological factors / Social aspects / Living standards / Geomorphology / Indicators / Vegetation / Flow discharge / Water quality / Sediment / Dams / Floodplains / Fisheries / Manatees / Birds / Invertebrates / Habitats / Ecosystem services / Risk assessment / Monitoring / Aquatic ecosystems / Water resources / Deltas / Rivers / Environmental flows
Record No:H049434
Lazurko, Anita. 2018.
Assessing the value of resource recovery and reuse: social, environmental and economic costs and benefits for value creation and human well-being. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 41p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 13) [DOI]More... |
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To understand the full value of Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR), a systematic assessment approach that balances complexity with practicality is required. This report highlights the methods available for quantifying and valuing social, environmental and economic costs and benefits of RRR, focusing on Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) as the primary framework. Rather than prescribing a standardized technique for conducting CBA for RRR, this report presents broad frameworks and several examples that can be catered to individual contexts. This results in a suggested eight-step process accompanied with suggested assessment techniques which have to be tailored to the type of question the assessment is meant to answer and related system boundaries.
Case studies / Nutrients / Urban areas / Living standards / Social aspects / Fortification / Developing countries / Rural communities / Anaerobic digesters / Composting / Biogas / Energy generation / Groundwater management / Equity / Ecosystem services / Farming systems / Decision analysis / Decision making / Faecal sludge / Waste management / Waste disposal / Food wastes / Solid wastes / Municipal wastes / Organic wastes / Industrial wastes / Agricultural wastes / Agroindustrial sector / Wastewater treatment / Cost benefit analysis / Economic growth / Economic value / Environmental impact assessment / Socioeconomic environment / Water reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H049081
Otoo, Miriam; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Danso, G.; Amewu, Sena; Amirova, Iroda. 2018.
Market adoption and diffusion of fecal sludge-based fertilizer in developing countries: crosscountry analyses. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 68p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 12) [DOI]More... |
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The safe recovery of nutrients from our waste streams allows us to address the challenges of waste management and soil nutrient depletion conjointly. Commercialization of waste-based organic fertilizers such as FortiferTM (fecal sludge-based co-compost) has the potential to generate significant benefits for developing economies via cost recovery for the sanitation sector and the provision of an alternative agricultural input for smallholder farmers. To guide future FortiferTM businesses, this report presents examples of detailed market assessments, based on farmers’ perceptions, attitudes and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a pelletized and non-pelletized FortiferTM co-compost. The research was conducted in the Greater Accra and Western regions in Ghana, and in and around Kampala (Uganda), Bangalore (India), Hanoi (Vietnam), and Kurunegala (Sri Lanka). Cross-country analyses helped to understand the effects of market drivers and, where possible, capture lessons learned for knowledge sharing.
Partnerships / Incentives / Farmers’ attitudes / Composting / Agricultural production / Businesses / Sanitation / Cost recovery / Economic analysis / Economic development / Pelleting / Agricultural wastes / Solid wastes / Liquid fertilizers / Nutrients / Soil fertility / Waste management / Fertilizer application / Excreta / Assessment / Market prices / Market economies / Developing countries / Organic fertilizers / Faecal sludge / Reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H049028
Lazurko, Anita; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, M. A. 2018.
Financing resource recovery and reuse in developing and emerging economies: enabling environment, financing sources and cost recovery. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 39p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 11) [DOI]More... |
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Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of domestic and agro-industrial waste has the potential to contribute to a number of financial, socioeconomic and environmental benefits. However, despite these benefits and an increasing political will, there remain significant barriers to build the required up-front capital which is discouraging private sector engagement. A systematic analysis and understanding of the enabling environment, public and private funding sources, risk-sharing mechanisms and pathways for cost recovery can help to identify opportunities to improve the viability of RRR solutions. This report looks at regulations and policies that remove disincentives for RRR, public and private funding sources for capital and operational costs, risk mitigation options through blending and structuring finance, and options for operational cost recovery.
Energy recovery / Communities / Equity / Water management / Waste management / Environmental management / Cost benefit analysis / State intervention / Payment for ecosystem services / Carbon markets / Value chain / Partnerships / Public-private cooperation / Risk management / Agreements / Grants / Loans / Funding / Stakeholders / Regulations / Development policies / Developing countries / Credit policies / Market economies / Incentives / Investment / Cost recovery / Financing / Economic development / Water reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H049025
Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. 2018.
Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 96p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue) [DOI]More... |
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There is a strong link between gender and energy in view of food preparation and the acquisition of fuel, especially in rural areas. This is demonstrated in a range of case studies from East and West Africa, where biochar, human waste and other waste resources have been used to produce briquettes or biogas as additional high-quality fuel sources. The synthesis of the cases concludes that resource recovery and reuse for energy offers an alternative to conventional centralized grid projects which, while attractive to investors and large-scale enterprises, do not necessarily provide job opportunities for marginalized communities. Reusing locally available waste materials for energy production and as soil ameliorant (in the case of biochar) in small enterprises allows women and youth who lack business capital to begin modest, locally viable businesses. The case studies offer concrete examples of small-scale solutions to energy poverty that can make a significant difference to the lives of women and their communities.
Case studies / Research and development / Community involvement / Gasifiers / Biodigesters / Farmers organizations / Living standards / Empowerment / Investment / Biomass / Biochar / Biogas / Economic impact / Health hazards / Production factors / Supply chain / Refugees / Households / Urban areas / Sanitation / Marketing / Business enterprises / Briquettes / Fuels / Excreta / Human wastes / Waste management / Heating / Cooking / Renewable energy / Energy resources / Energy demand / Energy generation / Poverty / Equity / Role of women / Gender / Bioenergy / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H048999
Schreiner, B.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2018.
Establishing hybrid water use rights systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: a practical guide for managers. : Pretoria, South Africa: Pegasys Institute; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 48p.
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Financing / Legal aspects / Regulations / State intervention / Sustainable Development Goals / Food security / Catchment areas / Irrigation management / Customary law / Monitoring / Smallholders / Economic aspects / Rural communities / Guidelines / Water management / Water resources / Water rights / Water use
Record No:H048975
Cobbing, J. 2018.
The North West dolomite aquifers, South Africa: a stalled opportunity for water security and development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 20p.
(Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 03) [DOI]More... |
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The karst dolomite aquifers of the North West Province in South Africa are among the most important in the nation. They serve as key water sources for municipal water supply and irrigation, and are also ecologically important in supplying springs that feed important rivers. Over-abstraction and consequent falling groundwater levels jeopardize water supply security, with increasing costs and risks to sustainable development. Better aquifer and conjunctive water management would improve water supply security and lower costs, with wider benefits to many sectors. This GRIPP Case Profile discusses these challenges and management experiences through the examples of two representative North West dolomite aquifers - the Grootfontein and Steenkoppies aquifers. These aquifers are relatively well understood hydrogeologically, and modern South African water law mandates sustainable use. Yet, underperforming collaboration between stakeholders using and managing the aquifers at various levels, and poor support from the national authority have led to an entrenched suboptimal equilibrium where stakeholders are reluctant to change behavior, despite awareness of the negative outcomes. Neither prescriptive local nor top-down organization has been effective. The synthesis argues for prioritized input from a legally mandated and capacitated convening authority (the national Department of Water and Sanitation) to catalyze and support effective local stakeholder groups and other governance initiatives. It calls for a renewed effort by this convening authority and other stakeholders, emphasizing mutually beneficial or “win-win” outcomes.
Costs / Farmers / Stakeholders / Hydrogeology / Local authorities / Municipal authorities / Policy making / Regulations / Legal aspects / Public health / Dolomite / Water institutions / Water supply / Water quality / Water user associations / Water governance / Water resources development / Groundwater extraction / Groundwater level / Groundwater management / Aquifers
Record No:H048970
Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018.
Information tool for Zafarabad District, Sogd Province, Tajikistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 28p.
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Irrigation / Communities / Vegetation / Soil salinity / Soil texture / Soil types / Groundwater / Drainage / Wells / Drinking water / Pumps / Canals / Residential areas / Water use efficiency / Water availability / Water table / Water user associations / Slopes / Satellite imagery / Simulation models / Maps / Digital technology / River basins / Remote sensing / GIS
Record No:H048925
Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018.
Geodatabase and diagnostic atlas: Kashkadarya Province, Uzbekistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 74p.
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Infrastructure / Climate change / Ecosystems / Vegetation / Soil types / Groundwater / Transportation / Streams / Watersheds / Reservoir storage / Lakes / Pumps / Drainage systems / Canals / Water use efficiency / Water storage / Water resources / Irrigation water / Irrigation systems / Population density / Rural areas / Rural population / Urban areas / Urban population / Satellite imagery / Simulation models / Maps / Digital technology / River basins / Remote sensing / GIS
Record No:H048924
Anarbekov, Oyture; Gaipnazarov, Norboy; Akramov, Isomiddin; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Gafurov, Zafar; Solieva, Umida; Khodjaev, Shovkat; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Tashmatova, Mukhtabar. 2018.
Overview of existing river basins in Uzbekistan and the selection of pilot basins. [Project Report of the Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Rural Areas in Uzbekistan. Component 1: National policy framework for water governance and integrated water resources management and supply part]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 89p.
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Agricultural production / Soil salinity / Population growth / Population density / Assessment / Pumps / Streams / River basin management / Land use / Land resources / Irrigated land / Irrigation systems / Hydrometeorology / Meteorological factors / Climatic factors / Rural areas / Sustainability / International waters / Water use / Water supply / Water governance / Water management / Water resources / Integrated management
Record No:H048491
Hirji, R.; Nicol, Alan; Davis, R. 2017.
South Asia climate change risks in water management. : Washington, DC, USA: World Bank; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 96p.
(Climate Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia) More... |
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Mapping / Domestic water / Irrigation water / Financing / Participation / Education / Communication / Infrastructure / Integrated management / Planning / Sedimentation / Erosion / Landslides / Flooding / Drought / Socioeconomic environment / Monsoon climate / Hydrology / Uncertainty / Risk management / Water institutions / Water power / Water quality / Water policy / Water supply / Water demand / Water use / Water management / Water resources / Climate change adaptation
Record No:H048847
Nhemachena, Charles; Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso. 2017.
Agricultural growth trends and outlook for Lesotho. : Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 30p.
(ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2016) More... |
Fulltext (1.05 MB)
Development programmes / Arable land / Soils / Agroecological zones / Expenditure / Agricultural trade / Gross national product / Economic indicators / Equity / Poverty / Living standards / Socioeconomic environment / Climate change / Environmental effects / Agricultural productivity / Agricultural production / Performance evaluation / Agricultural sector / Agricultural development
Record No:H048751
Aarnoudse, E.; Bluemling, B. 2017.
Controlling groundwater through smart card machines: the case of water quotas and pricing mechanisms in Gansu Province, China. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 20p.
(Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 02) [DOI]More... |
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The second issue of the GRIPP Case Profile Series documents the use of water quotas and pricing mechanisms in Northwest China to control and manage groundwater. Since the 1970s, this region has experienced intensive groundwater abstraction by smallholder farmers. In 2002, however, the revised Water Law urged local authorities to regulate groundwater use in regions with overdraft. The Case Profile reviews, in detail, the use of smart card machines installed on wells by the local government to control abstraction. The study compares the situation in two counties where local authorities opted for two different types of regulatory mechanisms enabled by the smart cards: Minqin County - where they chose quotas, and Guazhou County - where they opted for a tiered water pricing system.; This Case Profile highlights how the success of smart card machines depends on the design and implementation of the regulatory mechanism behind the machines. In Minqin, quotas have successfully affected farmers’ groundwater use practices, whereas in Guazhou, water pricing has had little impact on farmers’ individual groundwater use practices. Moreover, the case of Minqin exemplifies that quotas enable equitable water access to all farmers and maintain the buffer function of conjunctive surface water and groundwater use. These are important principles to design effective groundwater regulation policies, both in and outside China.
Land use / Irrigated farming / Agriculture / Pumping / Regulations / Local authorities / Farmer participation / Surface water / Water policy / Water quality / Water law / Water use / Water pricing / Water quotas / Groundwater extraction / Groundwater management / Groundwater development
Record No:H048448
Closas, Alvar; Imache, A.; Mekki, I. 2017.
Groundwater governance in Tunisia. A Policy White Paper. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 43p.
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Land management / Wells / Irrigation water / Water pricing / Water policy / Water law / Water use / Water management / Water resources / Water governance / Groundwater
Record No:H048394
Molle, Francois; Nassif, M.-H.; Jaber, B.; Closas, Alvar; Baydoun, S. 2017.
Groundwater governance in Lebanon: the case of Central Beqaa. A Policy White Paper. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 36p.
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Fulltext (1.69 MB)
Case studies / Policy making / Monitoring / Planning / Drilling / Wells / Illegal practices / Legal aspects / Agriculture / Domestic water / Water rights / Water availability / Water governance / Water use / Water resources / Groundwater management
Record No:H048393
Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek. 2017.
Digital diagnostic atlas: Murgab River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 40p. (Also in Russian)
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Vegetation / Soils / Irrigation / Climate change / Satellite imagery / Simulation models / Maps / Digital technology / River basins
Record No:H048369
Dickens, Chris; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Nhamo, Luxon. 2017.
Guidelines and indicators for Target 6.6 of the SDGs: “change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time”. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 56p.
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Environmental health / Reservoirs / Stream flow / Flow discharge / Water quality / Remote sensing / Earth observation satellites / Groundwater / Rivers / Ponds / Lakes / Mangroves / Peatlands / Paddy fields / Forests / Wetlands / Swamps / Marshes / Monitoring / Indicators / Guidelines / Ecosystem services / Sustainable development
Record No:H048340
Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H.; Burke, J. 2017.
Water pollution from agriculture: a global review. Executive summary. : Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 35p.
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Food wastes / Pathogens / Organic matter / Sediment / Salts / Pollutants / Nutrients / Aquaculture / Pesticides / Inorganic fertilizers / Crop production / Cropping systems / Farming systems / Intensification / Food consumption / Food production / Livestock production / Environmental health / Agriculture / Water quality / Water pollution
Record No:H048244
Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois. 2016.
Groundwater governance in America. [Project report of the Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Taking Stock and Addressing the Challenges]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 238p.
(Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Report 5) More... |
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Land management / Energy / Pumping / Drought / Agriculture / Plains / River basins / Aquifers / Water resources / Cooperatives / Community involvement / Water users / Taxes / Water market / Corporate culture / State intervention / Conflict / Urban areas / Water supply / Pollution control / Water quality / Surface water / Groundwater table / Groundwater depletion / Water conservation / Water law / Groundwater extraction / Water governance / Groundwater management
Record No:H048400
Molle, Francois; Gaafar, I.; El-Agha, D. E.; Rap, Edwin. 2016.
Irrigation efficiency and the Nile Delta water balance. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 53p.
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Ponds / Aquaculture / Irrigated farming / Industrial uses / Domestic water / Pumping / Evaporation / Evapotranspiration / Recharge / Aquifers / Drainage / Rivers / Deltas / Rain / Groundwater management / Water use / Water reuse / Water balance / Irrigation efficiency
Record No:H048253
Matchaya, Greenwell; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Nhemachena, Charles. 2016.
Agricultural growth trends and outlook for Southern Africa: promoting agricultural trade to enhance resilience in Southern Africa. : Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 84p.
(ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2013) More... |
Fulltext (2.64 MB)
Poverty / Socioeconomic environment / Cereal products / Drought / Production costs / Market information services / Food prices / Trade liberalization / Community development / Economic indicators / Agricultural products / Agricultural trade / Agricultural budgets / Agricultural policy / Agricultural development
Record No:H047998
Asamoah, Bernice; Nikiema, Josiane; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Odonkor, Elsie; Njenga, M. 2016.
A review on production, marketing and use of fuel briquettes. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 51p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 07) [DOI]More... |
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Where modern heating and cooking fuels for domestic, institutional, commercial and industrial use are not readily available, briquettes made from biomass residues could contribute to the sustainable supply of energy. This study reviews the briquette making process, looking at the entire value chain starting from the type and characteristics of feedstock used for briquette making to the potential market for briquettes in developing countries. It also analyzes the role that gender plays in briquette production. Depending on the raw materials used and technologies applied during production, fuel briquettes come in different qualities and dimensions, and thus require appropriate targeting of different market segments. Key drivers of success in briquette production and marketing include ensuring consistent supply of raw materials with good energy qualities, appropriate technologies, and consistency in the quality and supply of the briquettes. Creating strong partnerships with key stakeholders, such as the municipality, financiers and other actors within the briquette value chain, and enabling policy are important drivers for the success of briquette businesses.
Economic aspects / Public health / Small scale systems / Production costs / Retail marketing / Marketing / Enterprises / Supply chain / Raw materials / Carbon / Chemicophysical properties / Youth / Men / Women / Gender / Developing countries / Emission / Pollution / Residues / Agricultural sector / Environmental impact / Biomass / Communities / Feedstocks / Energy generation / Energy resources / Cooking / Households / Domestic consumption / Renewable energy / Sewage sludge / Faecal sludge / Recycling / Organic wastes / Industrial wastes / Waste management / Solid wastes / Urban wastes / Fuelwood / Briquettes / Charcoal / Fuel consumption
Record No:H047991
Dubbeling, M.; Carey, J.; Hochberg, K. 2016.
The role of private sector in city region food systems. Analysis report. : Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 120p.
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Fulltext (4.95 MB)
Case studies / Retail marketing / Local authorities / Catering industry / Government procurement / Social aspects / Environmental effects / Economic aspects / Supply chain / Sustainability / Food policy / Food supply / Food production / Periurban areas / Urban areas / Private sector
Record No:H047954
Carey, J.; Hochberg, K. 2016.
The role of private sector in the Bristol (UK) city region food system: regional food supply into public sector food procurement. : Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 59p.
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Fulltext (3.25 MB)
Policy making / Local authorities / Legislation / Urban areas / Case studies / Supply chain / Government procurement / Catering industry / Wholesale marketing / Retail marketing / Food production / Food supply / Public sector / Private sector
Record No:H047953
Arrazola, I.; Alvaro, N. P.; Renckens, J.; Ballesteros, H.; Hollenstein, P. 2016.
The role of private actors in the Quito metropolitan district food system: with a focus on larger processing and retail. : Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 45p.
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Agroecology / Meat production / Consumers / State intervention / Income / Economic aspects / Private sector / Rural areas / Urban areas / Supermarkets / Retail marketing / Dairy products / Milk production / Supply chain / Food marketing / Food production / Food consumption / Food supply
Record No:H047952
van der Schans, J. W.; de Graaf, P. 2016.
Food and non-food private sector engagement in the city region food system rotterdam: with a focus on the supportive role of social housing corporations. : Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 53p.
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Social participation / Waste treatment / Waste management / Urban wastes / Food wastes / Policy making / Land ownership / Catering industry / Retail marketing / Urban areas / Farmers / Social aspects / Environmental effects / Nongovernmental organizations / Supply chain / Food production / Food supply / Private sector
Record No:H047951
Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; MacDonald, K.; Saikia, Panchali; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Aslamy, Sohrob; Horbulyk, Theodore. 2016.
Impact of water users associations on water and land productivity, equity and food security in Tajikistan. Mid-term Technical Report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 102p.
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Labour / Crops / Community organizations / Decision making / Field preparation / Private farm / Cultivated land / Agriculture / Small scale farming / Irrigation management / Irrigation water / Farmers / Female labour / s participation / Womenapos / Role of women / Household food security / Food security / Equity / Land productivity / Water rates / Water supply / Water availability / Water management / Water governance / Water productivity / Water user associations
Record No:H047854
Balasubramanya, Soumya; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Saikia, Panchali; MacDonald, K.; Aslamy, Sohrob; Horbulyk, Theodore; Hannah, C.; Yakubov, Murat; Platonov, Alexander. 2016.
Impact of water-user associations on water and land productivity, equity, and food security in Tajikistan. Baseline Technical Report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 131p.
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Living standards / Private farms / Farm area / Cultivated land / Crop yield / Financing / Canals / Infrastructure / Irrigation water / Irrigation management / Impact assessment / Cotton industry / Agricultural sector / s participation / Womenapos / Role of women / Gender / Food security / Equity / Land productivity / Waterlogging / Water supply / Watercourses / Water governance / Water management / Water productivity / Water user associations
Record No:H047847
Rao, Krishna C.; Kvarnstrom, E.; Di Mario, L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2016.
Business models for fecal sludge management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 80p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 06) [DOI]More... |
Fulltext (4.75 MB)
On-site sanitation systems, such as septic tanks and pit latrines, are the predominant feature across rural and urban areas in most developing countries. However, their management is one of the most neglected sanitation challenges. While under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the set-up of toilet systems received the most attention, business models for the sanitation service chain, including pit desludging, sludge transport, treatment and disposal or resource recovery, are only emerging. Based on the analysis of over 40 fecal sludge management (FSM) cases from Asia, Africa and Latin America, this report shows opportunities as well as bottlenecks that FSM is facing from an institutional and entrepreneurial perspective.
Case studies / Incentives / Household / Landscape / Urban areas / Farmers / Taxes / Nutrients / Septic tanks / Transport / Regulations / Licences / Partnerships / Institutions / Private enterprises / Organic fertilizers / Biogas / Energy recovery / Cost recovery / Finance / Stakeholders / Defaecation / Latrines / Sanitation / Public health / Composts / Pollution / Solid wastes / Waste water treatment plants / Waste treatment / Sewerage / Dumping / Desludging / Waste disposal / Models / Business management / Recycling / Resource recovery / Resource management / Faecal sludge
Record No:H047826
Fernando, Sudarshana; Semasinghe, Christina; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Wijayamunie, R.; Wickramasinghe, N.; Dissanayake, S. 2016.
City region food system situational analysis, Colombo, Sri Lanka. : Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Rome, Italy: FAO; Accra, Ghana: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF) 251p.
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Fulltext (7.37 MB)
Sanitation / Health hazards / Public health / Waste management / Waste disposal / Market prices / Crops / Milk production / Livestock / Fruits / Vegetables / Small scale systems / Economic aspects / Land use / Climate change / Natural resources management / Poverty / Sociocultural environment / Malnutrition / Human nutrition / Decision making / Policy making / Regulations / Legislation / Legal aspects / International organizations / Private sector / Municipal authorities / Government departments / Institutions / Corporate culture / Stakeholders / Food security / Food chains / Food production / Food policies / Food safety / Food supply / Food consumption
Record No:H047774
Hussain, Asghar; Baker, Tracy. 2016.
Tana River Basin, Kenya: geodatabase and mapping tool. User guide. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 138p.
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Water resources / Rangelands / Urban areas / Environmental effects / Natural resources / Demography / Population density / Dams / Water power / Farming systems / Irrigation / Soils / Temperature / Meteorological stations / Mapping / GIS / Imagery / Software / Guidelines / Watersheds / River basin management / Living standards / Land cover / Land use / Geography / Infrastructure / Administration
Record No:H047737
Closas, Alvar; Villholth, Karen G. 2016.
Aquifer contracts: a means to solving groundwater over-exploitation in Morocco? Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 20p.
(Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) Case Profile Series 01) [DOI]More... |
Fulltext (1015 KB)
Wells / Participation / Subsidies / Sustainability / Irrigated farming / Cultivated land / Farmers / Regulations / Legislation / Water policy / Groundwater depletion / Groundwater management / Aquifers
Record No:H047676
Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Amewu, Sena; Taron, Avinandan; Otoo, Miriam. 2016.
Energy recovery from domestic and agro-waste streams in Uganda: a socioeconomic assessment. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 52p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 09) [DOI]More... |
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Recovering energy from waste offers dual benefits – a) improved waste management, and b) provision of reliable energy to households, institutions and commercial entities. In this report, we present a socioeconomic assessment of three energy business models (briquette manufacturing, on-site (public toilet) energy generation, and agro-waste electricity generation) based on feasibility studies carried out in the city of Kampala, Uganda. We assess the potential economic, environmental and social impacts of waste-to-energy business models taking into consideration a life cycle of emissions to provide decision makers with the overall costs and benefits of the models to society versus a business-as-usual scenario.
Rivers / Public health / Farmers / Wastewater / Waste management / Excreta / Sanitation / Electricity generation / Household wastes / Benefits / Emission / Methane / Greenhouse gases / Biogas / Gasification / Social impact / Briquettes / Transport / Residues / Agriculture / Fuelwood / Fuels / Economic analysis / Environmental impact assessment / Socioeconomic environment / Models / Business management / Energy generation / Water reuse / Resource recovery
Record No:H047671
Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay; Danso, G.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Rao, Krishna; Madurangi, Ganesha. 2016.
Testing the implementation potential of resource recovery and reuse business models: from baseline surveys to feasibility studies and business plans. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 59p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 10) [DOI]More... |
Fulltext (4 MB)
Stakeholders / Marketing policies / Institutions / Legal aspects / Risk analysis / Socioeconomic environment / Decision making / Feasibility studies / Health hazards / Public health / Environmental impact assessment / Cost recovery / Investment / Economic analysis / Developing countries / Private sector / Public sector / Subsidies / Sanitation / Waste treatment / Waste management / Indicators / Performance indexes / Models / Business management / Water reuse / Resource management / Resource recovery
Record No:H047601
Cofie, Olufunke; Nikiema, Josiane; Impraim, Robert; Adamtey, N.; Paul, Johannes; Kone, D. 2016.
Co-composting of solid waste and fecal sludge for nutrient and organic matter recovery. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 47p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 03) [DOI]More... |
Fulltext (3 MB)
Biological treatment, composting, in particular, is a relatively simple, durable and inexpensive alternative for stabilizing and reducing biodegradable waste. Co-composting of different waste sources allows to enhance the compost nutrient value. In particular, integration of ‘biosolids’ from the sanitation sector as potential input material for co-composting would provide a solution for the much needed treatment of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems, and make use of its high nutrient content. This research paper elaborates in detail the main parameters that govern the co-composting process as well as factors that control the production of a safe and valuable quality compost. It further explains technological options to tailor the final product to crop and farmer needs.
Heavy metals / Livestock / Emission / Pathogens / Aeration / Microorganisms / pH / Temperature / Moisture content / Sanitation / Health hazards / Public health / Organic fertilizers / Organic wastes / Soil organic matter / Excreta / Farmyard manure / Developing countries / Waste management / Food wastes / Urban wastes / Urbanization / Sewage sludge / Faecal coliforms / Composting / Recycling / Solid wastes / Nutrients / Environmental effects / Resource recovery
Record No:H047536
World Bank. Water and Sanitation Program (WSP); International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2016.
Recycling and reuse of treated wastewater in urban India: a proposed advisory and guidance document. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 57p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 08) [DOI]More... |
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Recycling and reuse of treated wastewater are an important part of the sanitation cycle and critical in an environment such as urban India with decreasing freshwater availability and increasing costs for delivering acceptable quality water, often from far distance. This report has been developed as a possible guidance document for the Indian government and gives substantial focus to the financial and economic benefits of wastewater recycling from the perspective of public spending. The report presents possible strategies for city and state planners and policymakers in view of the sanitation situation and the role of wastewater recycling in the larger cities in India (class I and II cities and towns with populations above 50,000), and focuses on recycling at the end of sewerage systems after treatment at sewage treatment plants.
Farmers / Farm income / Energy consumption / Greenhouse gases / Fertilizers / Industrial uses / Nutrients / Agriculture / Cost recovery / Economic value / Pollution / Sanitation / Pumping / Groundwater irrigation / Water demand / Freshwater / Water supply / Water resources / Wastewater irrigation / Water supply / Water resources / Wastewater irrigation / Policy making / Urban development / Urban areas / Sewage / Recycling / Water reuse / Wastewater treatment
Record No:H047508
Rap, Edwin; Molle, Francois; Al-Agha, D. E.; Ismail, A.; El Hassan, W. A. 2015.
Branch canal water user associations in the Central Nile Delta. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 54p.
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Fulltext (1.65 MB)
Deltas / Training / Empowerment / Corporate culture / Irrigation management / Administration / Farmers / Sustainability / Canals / Water user associations
Record No:H048367
Al-Agha, D. E.; Closas, Alvar; Molle, Francois. 2015.
Survey of groundwater use in the central part of the Nile Delta. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 50p.
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Fulltext (2.85 MB)
Irrigation water / Irrigation practices / Wells / Discharges / Deltas / Salinity / Drinking water / Water quality / Water use / Water levels / Groundwater extraction / Groundwater recharge / Groundwater management
Record No:H048365
Molle, Francois; Rap, Edwin; Al-Agha, D. E.; Ismail, A.; El Hassan, W. A.; Freeg, M. 2015.
Irrigation improvement projects in the Nile Delta: promises, challenges, surprises. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 117p.
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Fulltext (6.26 MB)
Saline water / Cultivated land / Drainage / Equity / Land productivity / Collective action / Water management / Water productivity / Water distribution / Water user associations / Pumps / Farmers / Financial situation / Costs / Economic aspects / Irrigation programs
Record No:H048362
Otoo, Miriam; Taron, Avinandan; Danso, George; Madurangi, Ganesha; Subrahmanya, M. H. B.; Ramachandran, P.; Balachandra, P.; Sudhira, H. S. 2015.
Market assessment of RRR [resource recovery and reuse] business models-Bangalore city report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 134p.
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Irrigated farming / Water use / Water availability / Water resources / Farmers / Supply chain / Household consumption / Socioeconomic environment / Renewable energy / Composting / Solid wastes / Faecal sludge / Wastewater treatment / Wastewater irrigation / Organic fertilizers / Sanitation / Legal aspects / Electricity generation / Energy generation / Briquettes / Fuels / Business management / Market economies / Resource recovery
Record No:H048077
Otoo, Miriam; Taron, Avinandan; Danso, George; Madurangi, Ganesha; Ekere, W.; Dungu, S. 2015.
Market assessment of RRR [resource recovery and reuse] business models-Kampala city report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 121p.
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Irrigated farming / Water use / Water availability / Water resources / Farmers / Supply chain / Household consumption / Socioeconomic environment / Renewable energy / Composting / Solid wastes / Faecal sludge / Wastewater treatment / Wastewater irrigation / Organic fertilizers / Sanitation / Legal aspects / Electricity generation / Energy generation / Briquettes / Fuels / Business management / Market economies / Resource recovery
Record No:H048076
Otoo, Miriam; Rao, Krishna; Taron, Avinandan. 2015.
Synthesis report on feasibility assessment for the implementation of RRR [resource recovery and reuse] business models proposed for Lima. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 73p.
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Fulltext (2.09 MB)
Composting / Technology assessment / Legal aspects / Corporate culture / Organic fertilizers / Aquaculture / Market economics / Cost recovery / Nutrients / Socioeconomic environment / Energy generation / Faecal sludge / Sanitation / Water reuse / Industrial wastes / Urban wastes / Wastewater irrigation / Wastewater treatment / Risk assessment / Environmental impact assessment / Environmental policy / Public health / Health hazards / Business management / Resource recovery / Assessment / Feasibility studies
Record No:H048073
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2015.
Improving water management in Myanmar’s dry zone for food security, livelihoods and health. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 52p.
[DOI]More... |
Fulltext (2 MB)
Information management / Soil conservation / Farmers / Rainfed farming / Land degradation / Landscape / Investment / Pumping / Irrigation schemes / Irrigated land / Water harvesting / Rainwater / Groundwater recharge / Groundwater irrigation / Multiple use / Domestic water / Wells / Ponds / Reservoir storage / Water accounting / Water conservation / Water use / Water resources / Runoff / Rivers / Agroecosystems / Health / Living standards / Food security / Arid zones / Water management
Record No:H047190
Qadir, M.; Noble, Andrew D.; Karajeh, F.; George, B. 2015.
Potential business opportunities from saline water and salt-affected land resources. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 29p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 05) [DOI]More... |
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Case studies / Trees / Deltas / Irrigation / Greenhouses / Horticulture / Solar energy / Energy generation / Phosphogypsum / Magnesium / Soil properties / Freshwater / Recycling / Water reuse / Drainage water / Water productivity / Water resources / Aquaculture / Ecosystems / Crop production / Desalination / Soil salinity / Sodic soils / Saline water / Land degradation / Land resources
Record No:H046996
Musaba, Emmanuel; Pali-Shikhulu, J.; Matchaya, Greenwell; Chilonda, Pius; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso. 2014.
Monitoring agriculture sector performance in Swaziland: investment, growth and poverty trends, 2000-2011. : Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 72p.
(ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2012) More... |
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Prices / Livestock / Maize / Hunger / Poverty / Food security / Farmers / Imports / Exports / Indicators / Economic growth / Expenditure / Investment / Monitoring / Performance indexes / Agricultural production / Agricultural trade / Agricultural development
Record No:H046782
Matchaya, Greenwell Collins; Phiri, A.; Chilonda, Pius; Musaba, Emmanuel. 2014.
Agricultural Growth Trends and Outlook Report: trends in agricultural sector performance, growth and poverty in Malawi. : Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 70p.
(ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends and Outlook Report 2012) More... |
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Fisheries / Livestock / Farmers / Land productivity / Labour productivity / Population structure / Households / Public health / Nutrition / Hunger / Poverty / Food security / Imports / Exports / Expenditure / Public investment / Performance indexes / Economic indicators / Agricultural trade / Agricultural budgets / Agricultural policy / Agricultural development
Record No:H046781
Biggs, E. M.; Boruff, B.; Bruce, E.; Duncan, J. M. A.; Haworth, B. J.; Duce, S.; Horsley, J.; Curnow, Jayne; Neef, A.; McNeill, K.; Pauli, N.; Van Ogtrop, F.; Imanari, Y. 2014.
Environmental livelihood security in Southeast Asia and Oceania: a water-energy-food-livelihoods nexus approach for spatially assessing change. White paper. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 114p.
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Assessment / Sustainable development / Monitoring / Natural disasters / Remote sensing / Political aspects / Institutions / Community management / Gender / Sociocultural environment / Urbanization / Demography / Farmland / Agriculture / Cyclones / Precipitation / Temperature / Climate change / Food security / Energy conservation / Water security / Living standards / Biodiversity / Ecological factors / Environmental management / Environmental sustainability
Record No:H046758
Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke; Impraim, Robert. 2014.
Technological options for safe resource recovery from fecal sludge. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 47p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 02) [DOI]More... |
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Case studies / Wetlands / Sanitation / Nutrients / Dewatering / Composting / Filtration / Gravity flow / Water quality / Soil fertility / Organic wastes / Recycling / Resource management / Excreta / Waste treatment / Sewage sludge / Faecal coliforms
Record No:H046695
Lautze, Jonathan; Stander, E.; Drechsel, Pay; da Silva, A. K.; Keraita, B. 2014.
Global experiences in water reuse. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 31p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 04) [DOI]More... |
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Case studies / Sustainability / Aquifers / Farmers / Health hazards / Environmental effects / Water scarcity / Water quality / Wastewater irrigation / Wastewater treatment / Water reuse
Record No:H046593
Keraita, B.; Drechsel, Pay; Klutse, A.; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2014.
On-farm treatment options for wastewater, greywater and fecal sludge with special reference to West Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 36p.
(Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 01) [DOI]More... |
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Moringa / Helminths / Sedimentation / Farmers / Health hazards / Wetlands / Wells / Ponds / Weirs / Filtration / Reservoirs / Contamination / Sewage sludge / Faecal coliforms / Irrigation water / Water storage / Water quality / Wastewater treatment / On-farm research
Record No:H046382
Molle, Francois; Rap, Edwin; El-Agha, D. E.; Zaki, N.; El-Gamal, T.; Hassan, W.; Meleha, M.; Yassa, E.; Ismail, E. 2013.
An exploratory survey of water management in the Meet Yazid Canal command area of the Nile Delta. Draft final report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 124p.
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Aquaculture / Land use / Farming systems / Cropping systems / Groundwater / Drainage systems / Administrative structures / Socioeconomic environment / Surveys / Canals / Deltas / Wastewater treatment / Drinking water / Water quality / Water policy / Water reuse / Water levels / Water supply / Water management
Record No:H048359
Johnston, Robyn; Rajah, Ameer; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Lacombe, Guillaume; McCartney, Matthew; Pavelic, Paul; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Sotoukee, Touleelor; Suhardiman, Diana; Joffre, O. 2013.
Identifying priority investments in water in Myanmar’s dry zone: final report for component 3. [Project report of the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) Dry Zone Program]. Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 53p.
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Social aspects / Irrigated farming / Rainfed farming / Farmland / Food security / Watershed management / Wells / Dams / Reservoirs / Water storage / Water harvesting / Rainwater / Supplemental irrigation / Groundwater irrigation / Irrigation schemes / Irrigation systems / Agroecosystems / Arid zones / Living standards / Investment / Research projects / Water supply / Water management / Water resources development
Record No:H046135
Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Joffre, O.; Suhardiman, Diana; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Pavelic, Paul; Htut, U. Y. T.; McCartney, Matthew; Johnston, Robyn. 2013.
Community survey on water access, availability and management issues in the dry zone of Myanmar: final report for component 2. [Project report of the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) Dry Zone Program]. : Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Yangon, Myanmar: Myanmar Marketing Research and Development (MMRD) 74p.
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Income / Investment / Research projects / Institutions / Food security / Crops / Rainfed farming / Irrigated farming / Water user associations / Water use / Water allocation / Water quality / Groundwater resources / Groundwater irrigation / Livestock / Income / Rain / Weather hazards / Climate change / Villages / Surveys / Arid zones / Water availability / Water resources / Water management
Record No:H046134
McCartney, Matthew; Pavelic, Paul; Lacombe, Guillaume; Latt, K.; Zan, A. K.; Thein, K.; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Rajah, Ameer; Myint, A.; Cho, C.; Johnston, Robyn; Sotoukee, Touleelor. 2013.
Water resources assessment of the dry zone of Myanmar: final report for component 1. [Project report of the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) Dry Zone Program]. : Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Yangon, Myanmar: National Engineering and Planning Services (EPS) 52p.
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Research projects / Geology / Data / Rain / Living standards / Food security / Arid zones / Assessment / Irrigation schemes / Water supply / Evapotranspiration / Aquifers / Reservoirs / Water storage / Water quality / Groundwater recharge / Groundwater resources / Runoff / Flow discharge / Water use / Surface water / Water resources
Record No:H046133
van Koppen, Barbara; Smits, S. 2012.
Multiple use water services: scoping study synthesis. Final report [MUS project]. : Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); New York, NY, USA: Rockefeller Foundation; Hague, Netherlands: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) 59p.
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Funding / Sanitation / Models / Non governmental organizations / Poverty / Communities / Urban areas / Periurban areas / Equity / Irrigation development / Drinking water / Water quality / Water allocation / Water resources / Water management / Research projects / Multiple use
Record No:H045518
Butterworth, J.; Visscher, J. T.; van Steenbergen, F.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2011.
Multiple use water services in Ethiopia scoping study. : Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); New York, NY, USA: Rockefeller Foundation; Hague, Netherlands: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) 52p.
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Food security / Costs / Non governmental organizations / Indicators / Socioeconomic environment / Spate irrigation / Irrigation systems / Small scale systems / Community involvement / Rain water management / Pumps / Water supply / Water management / Water resources / Research projects / Water use / Multiple use
Record No:H045596
Basnet, G.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2011.
Multiple use water services in Nepal scoping study. : Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); New York, NY, USA: Rockefeller Foundation; Hague, Netherlands: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) 47p.
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Irrigation systems / Poverty / Community involvement / Water conservation / Water storage / Domestic water / Water supply / Non governmental organizations / Government departments / Institutions / Research projects / Water policy / Water resources development / Water use / Multiple Use
Record No:H045595
van Koppen, Barbara; Keraita, Bernhard. 2011.
Multiple use water services in Tanzania scoping study. : Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); New York, NY, USA: Rockefeller Foundation; Hague, Netherlands: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) 68p.
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Irrigation schemes / Decentralization / River basin management / Water allocation / Water policy / Poverty / Research projects / Water supply / Water management / Water resources / Domestic water / Water users / Water use / Multiple use
Record No:H045594
Smits, S.; Atengdem, J.; Darteh, B.; van Koppen, Barbara; Moriarty, P.; Nyarko, K.; Obuoubisa-Darko, A.; Ofosu, E.; Venot, Jean-Philippe; Williams, T. 2011.
Multiple use water services in Ghana scoping study. : Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); New York, NY, USA: Rockefeller Foundation; Hague, Netherlands: International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) 73p.
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Policy / Water user associations / Non governmental organizations / Wells / Dams / Community management / Living standards / Costs / Investment / Models / Reservoirs / Suburban agriculture / Rural areas / Rainfed farming / Development projects / Rural development / Research projects / Water users / Water reuse / Surface water / Irrigation schemes / Irrigation water / Water supply / Domestic water / Water management / Water resources development / Multiple use
Record No:H045519
Chilonda, Pius; Xavier, V.; Luciano, L.; Gemo, H.; Chamusso, A.; Zikhali, Precious; Faria, A.; Govereh, J.; Musaba, E.; Manussa, S.; Acubar, B.; Osvaldo, L.; Alage, N.; Macome, E.; Manganhela, A. 2011.
Monitoring and evaluating agricultural growth, trade, and poverty in Mozambique. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 83p.
(MozSAKSS Annual Trends Report 2010) More... |
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Indicators / Marketing / Agricultural policy / Macroeconomic analysis / Fisheries / Forestry / Livestock / Crop production / Budgets / Financing / Monitoring / Poverty / Agricultural development
Record No:H045036
McCartney, Matthew; Cai, Xueliang; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2011.
Review of ecosystem flow regulating functions in the Zambezi Basin. Project report submitted to UNEP under the SADC project 'Dam Synchronization and Flood Releases in the Zambezi River Basin'. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 26p.
More... Water infrastructure is a cornerstone of economic development. In the Zambezi River Basin huge investments have been made in dams for hydropower, irrigation, water supply and flood control. Ecosystem functions are central to outcomes from dams. Not only does the performance of dams depend on ecosystem functions but dams also modify them (e.g. by changing natural flow regimes). It is by changing ecosystem functions (and hence ecosystem services) that dams often have their greatest impact on the livelihoods of poor people. However, investment decisions and, subsequently the management of dams, rarely consider ecosystem functions. Trade-offs and synergies between dams and ecosystem functions often go unrecognized and, as a result, the benefits accruing from dams are typically sub-optimal. One reason for the failure to consider ecosystem functions is lack of understanding of them and how they translate into services for people. It is not clear which ecosystems perform which functions or how they will be affected by a dam. For example, whilst it is widely understood that in relation to hydrology, different ecosystems provide different regulating functions, there is little quantitative information on the extent to which they do this or the dynamic nature of such functions. If ecosystem functions, and specifically flow regulating functions, are to be considered in dam planning and management more information and a method to incorporate them into decision-making processes is required. Based on a literature review this report summarizes i) evidence of the flow regulating functions of the major ecosystems in the Zambezi basin and ii) methods for evaluating ecosystem flow regulating functions. Finally, it proposes an approach for developing a method that could contribute to a decision support system for the synchronization of dam operation in the basin.
Analytical methods / Runoff / Land use / Forests / Floodplains / Water power / Dams / River basins / Hydrology / Flow control / Wetlands / Ecosystems
Record No:H044667
McCartney, Matthew; Lacombe, Guillaume. 2011.
Review of water resource and reservoir planning models for use in the Mekong. [Report of the IWMI-CPWF Mekong (MK1) Project on Optimizing Reservoir Management for Livelihoods]. : Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Vientiane, Laos: CGIAR Challenge Program for Water and Food (CPWF) 24p.
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In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the need to improve the management of the environmental and social impacts of large dams. This is particularly important in the Mekong River Basin where the construction of a large number of new dams are planned and yet a large proportion of the population depend on fisheries and other natural resources, which may be adversely affected by their construction. The environmental and consequent social impacts of large dams are often complex and extremely difficult to predict. Dam planners and operators often have to consider a huge number of factors and often conflicting objectives, which makes decision making difficult. In such situations, computer models that can be used to simulate and optimize dam operations are a useful tool. However, to date, most models have focused on the physical aspects of systems and rarely (if ever) explicitly incorporate environmental and social issues. This report presents a brief review of different models and their application to water resource management, both in the Mekong and elsewhere and outlines a modelling strategy for the MK1 project.
Decision making / Poverty / Research projects / River basins / Simulation models / Dams / Reservoirs / Water resources
Record No:H044652
Lacombe, Guillaume; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Thepphavong, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Bounvilay, B.; Noble, Andrew; Ongkeo, O.; Johnston, Robyn; Phongpachith, C. 2011.
Is there enough water in the Vientiane Plain? a water balance assessment of the Lower Nam Ngum Basin. Project report prepared by IWMI for CSIRO - AusAID Research for Development Alliance under the project 'Exploring Mekong Region Futures'. Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 25p.
More... In Lao PDR, one of the less developed countries, water represents a valuable natural resource via the development of hydropower dams and irrigation schemes. In the lower part of the Nam Ngum River Basin, the Vientiane plain is one of the largest food production areas of the country and the largest irrigated area in Lao PDR. While food demand is expected to continue to increase in the future, hydropower dams are under rapid development in the upper part of the basin, modifying the seasonal distribution of the river flow regimes. This study aims at assessing the current water supply and agricultural water demand in the Vientiane Plain and concluding whether the water resource is or may become a limiting factor for food production. The agricultural water demand is assessed from two types of data (characteristics of large-scale pumping stations and official statistics on irrigated areas) and using remote sensing analyses. Flow measurements of the Nam Ngum River were used to quantify the water supply. A 43-year time series (1962-2004) of daily river discharge was reconstructed from actual discontinuous data recorded in the river reach where most of the pumping stations are found. Distinctions in the water resource assessment were made between pristine conditions (before the construction of the hydropower dams) and current conditions of water infrastructure development. A comparison of the water supply and demand indicates that during the 4 driest months of the year (January to April) when the river reaches its minimum level and the irrigation water demand is the highest, pumped volumes represent less than 30% of the river discharge. This ratio should decrease as new hydropower dams are built, storing and releasing more water during the wet and the dry season, respectively. These figures indicate that the availability of water in the Nam Ngum River is not a limiting factor for irrigation, even during the dry seasons of exceptionally dry years. The water demand could exceptionally exceed the water supply in the case of an extreme scenario of irrigation development with irrigated areas 3-fold larger than the current ones. Next analyses will consist in assessing how this water balance will be altered by the development of new hydropower dams and irrigation projects. Possible uses of water surplus will be prioritized, depending on their economic viability and benefits.
Time series analysis / Pumping / Irrigated land / Dams / Water power / River basins / Water supply / Water demand / Assessment / Water balance
Record No:H044647
Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Yadava, Chenna Basappa Gangappa; Wijenayake, K. M. A.; Suleman, K. B. 2011.
Final technical report RUAF - from seed to table, 2009-2011. : Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Hyderabad, India: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF) 130p.
More... This is the final report (2009-2011 June) of the RUAF-FSTT Programme for the South and South East Asia Region, coordinated by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), from its Regional Office in Hyderabad, India. The programme of activities were carried out in two cities, namely Magadi, Ramanagara District, India, and Gampaha, Sri Lanka from 2009 to June 2011, with an no-cost extension of six months, ending in year June 2011. This programme of activities came under IWMI’s theme on Water quality, Health and Environment.The programme was aimed at strengthening farmer organisations and their marketing capacities in urban/periurban settings, and developing sustainable urban farming systems that will contribute towards poverty alleviation, empowerment of disadvantaged and underserved groups in cities, enhance urban food security and social inclusion in development. The core activities were planned around two major components; 1. Operationalisation of a City Strategy Agenda (CSA), through a city multistakeholder forum (MSF) to promote Urban/Periurban Agriculture (UPA), which included diverse UPA activities and supported the shaping of policies to sustain UPA activities; 2. An innovation project that targeted low-income urban producers to innovate their farming practices from a market chain perspective, promoting eco-intensive agriculture based on ecological principals and maximum use of natural resources.
Stakeholders / Non governmental organizations / Agricultural development / Development projects / Indicators / Households / Financing / Cooperative farming / Vegetable growing / Mixed cropping / Gender / Training / Food security / Urban agriculture / Marketing / Farmers organizations
Record No:H044641
Jyotishi, A.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Archarya, Sreedhar; Kumar, V.; Yadava, Chenna Basappa; Deshpande, R. S. 2011.
Urban agriculture: a sustainable solution to alleviating urban poverty, addressing the food crisis, and adapting to climate change - Case study, Bangalore, India. : Bangalore, India: Amrita School of Business; Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Hyderabad, India: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF) 77p.
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Policy / Water supply / Households / Lakes / Water resources / Surveys / Case studies / Climate change / Nutrition / Food security / Food insecurity / Poverty / Urban agriculture
Record No:H044640
Otchere-Labri, Theophilus; Amoah, Philip. 2011.
RUAF “From Seed to Table” (FStT) Programme, January 2009 - June 2011, Anglophone, Ghana, West Africa. Final technical report submitted to ETC/RUAF, Leusden, Netherlands under the RUAF Foundation Urban Agricultural Programme. : Accra, Ghana: International water Management Institute (IWMI); Accra, Ghana: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF) 77p.
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Indicators / Policy / Stakeholders / Institutions / Non governmental organizations / Households / Farmers / Gender / Income / Credit / Financing / Economic aspects / Food security / Poverty / Urban agriculture / Research projects
Record No:H044619
McCartney, Matthew; Cai, Xueliang; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Nhamo, Luxon. 2011.
Application of a quantitative method to evaluate flow regulating functions of ecosystems in the Zambezi Basin. Project report submitted to UNEP under the SADC project 'Dam Synchronization and Flood Releases in the Zambezi River Basin'. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 46p.
More... By affecting transpiration and evaporation and influencing how water is routed and stored in a basin, forests, wetlands and floodplains play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle. Although they are widely attributed a major role in regulating flows (i.e. both attenuating floods and maintaining flow during dry periods) these services are seldom, if ever, explicitly factored into the planning and management of water resources. One reason for the failure to include them is lack of understanding of the hydrological functions occurring, their dynamic nature, and the interaction of those functions with the catchments in which the ecosystems are located. Very often it is unclear exactly which functions are performed and how those functions change over time (i.e. between seasons and between years). Furthermore, both the lack of quantitative information and a recognized method to incorporate them into decision-making processes, make it very difficult to integrate natural hydrological functions into the planning and management of water resources. This report describes a pragmatic approach for quantifying the flow regulating functions of floodplains, headwater wetlands and forests in the Zambezi Basin. The method utilizes observed stream flow records and flow duration curves to derive a simulated time series of flow in the absence of the ecosystem. This can then be compared with an observed time series to evaluate the impact of the ecosystem on the flow regime. The method, which is easy to utilize and could easily be incorporated into a decision support system for the synchronization of dam operation, has been applied and results obtained for 16 locations in the basin. Results indicate that the different ecosystems affect flows in different and complex ways. Broadly: i) floodplains decrease flood flows and increase low flows; ii) headwater wetlands increase flood flows and decrease low flows; iii) miombo forest, when covering more than 70% of the catchment, decreases flood flows and decreases low flows. However, in all cases there are examples which produce contrary results and simple relationships between the extent of an ecosystem type within a catchment and the impact on the flow regime were not found.
Catchment areas / Maps / Time series analysis / Hydrology / Swamps / Wetlands / Floodplains / forests / Regulation / Flow / Ecosystems / River basins
Record No:H044606
Amarasinghe, Upali; Sharma, Bharat R. 2011.
Water productivity and poverty in the transboundary river basin of India and Bangladesh: a situation analysis. Project report submitted to IUCN under the project “Water Productivity, Poverty and Food Security”. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 24p.
More... For decades, increasing land productivity was a major driver of improving food security and reducing rural poverty. However, with increasing water scarcities, competing water demand across different sectors, and increasing cost of investments in water resources development require a paradigm shift. Improving the productivity of water use is emerging as a new way of addressing water scarcity while reducing vulnerability and improving income. Increasing both physical and economic water productivities (quantity per drop and value per drop) are central to this approach. The extent to which physical and economic water productivity should be improved is and area and context specific. However, the approach is especially important in areas that are populated with large agriculturally dependent small-holder rural people and areas that experience recurrent droughts and floods and lack access to proper infrastructure. A major part of the Ganga-Brahamaputra-Meghna (MBG) river basins have such characteristics. This report examines the current situation of poverty, food security and water productivity and their linkages and knowledge gaps in the MBG basins.
Groundwater / Income / Economic aspects / Environmental effects / International waters / River basins / Indicators / Rural poverty / Food security / Water use / Water demand / Water scarcity / Water productivity
Record No:H044557
Cofie, Olufunke; Amoah, Philip; Irene, E.; Adamtey, Noah; Fredrick, T.-L. 2011.
Demonstration on the use of urine in urban agriculture. [Report of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project]. : Delft, Netherlands: Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project; Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Brussels, Belgium: European Union Research Framework Programme 103p.
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This report is an output of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow s City s Health (SWITCH) demonstration project, which took place in Accra, Ghana. Accra is one of the ten (10) demonstration cities under the SWITCH project. The main objective of the demo project was to demonstrate (as pilot) the potential of using urine for crop production in Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA) and provide recommendations for scaling up.
Ownership / Farmers / Logistics / Risks / Environmental effects / Socioeconomic aspects / Senses / Economic analysis / Soils / Urine / Fertilizers / Cabbages / Vegetable growing / Urban agriculture
Record No:H044301
Amoah, Philip; Keraita, Bernard; Akple, Maxwell; Drechsel, Pay; Abaidoo, R. C.; Konradsen, F. 2011.
Low-cost options for reducing consumer health risks from farm to fork where crops are irrigated with polluted water in West Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 37p.
(IWMI Research Report 141) [DOI]More... |
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To identify interventions which reduce health risks of consumers where highly polluted irrigation water is used to irrigate vegetables in West Africa, scientists worked over 5 years with farmers, market traders and street food vendors in Ghana. The most promising low-cost interventions with high adoption potential were analyzed for their ability to reduce common levels of pathogens (counts of fecal coliforms and helminth eggs). The analysis showed the combination potential of various interventions, especially on-farm and during vegetable washing in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The tested market-based interventions were important to prevent new or additional contamination.
Filtration / Wastewater treatment / Irrigation practices / Irrigation methods / Wastewater irrigation / Vegetable growing / Risk management / Health hazards / Public health / Consumers / Urban agriculture
Record No:H043829
Chilonda, Pius; Zikhali, P.; Musaba, E. 2010.
Agricultural growth trends and outlook for Southern Africa. : Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 101p.
(ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends Report 2010) More... |
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Indicators / Poverty / Livestock / Crop production / Investment / Food security / Policy / Environmental effects / Socioeconomic environment / Agricultural growth
Record No:H045178
Chilonda, Pius; Zikhali, P.; Musaba, E. 2010.
Agricultural growth trends and outlook for Southern Africa. : Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 101p.
(ReSAKSS-SA Annual Trends Report 2010) More... |
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Indicators / Poverty / Livestock / Crop production / Investment / Food security / Policy / Environmental effects / Socioeconomic environment / Agricultural growth
Record No:H045177
Clement, Floriane; Ishaq, Saba; Samad, Madar; Acharya, N. Sreedhar; Radha, A. Venkata; Haileslassie, A.; Blummel, M.; Dey, A.; Khan, M. A.; Shindey, D. N.; Mit, R. 2010.
Improving water productivity, reducing poverty and enhancing equity in mixed crop-livestock systems in the Indo-Gangetic Basin: CPWF project report 68. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 103p.
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This CGIAR-CPWF Project was designed and conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), in partnership with international and national partners, to address the relative neglect of livestock water needs of crop-livestock farming systems. The primary objective of this project was to optimize the productive use of water in the crop-livestock farming systems of semi-arid areas to enhance livelihoods, reduce poverty, contribute to gender equity, and protect the environment. This was addressed through an integrated approach led by a multi-disciplinary team across three States of the Ganga Basin.
Case studies / River basins / Poverty / Gender / Energy consumption / Livestock / Feed production / Water productivity / Mixed farming / Farming systems
Record No:H043549
Mapedza, Everisto; Wichelns, Dennis. 2010.
Evaluating baseline indicators pertaining to Oxfam America's Water Program in Ethiopia: a revised report prepared for Oxfam America. Pretoria, South Africa; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 88p.
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Fulltext The goal of Oxfam Americaapos;s Water Program in Ethiopia is to improve smallholders’ food security and strengthen their livelihoods in moisture-stressed areas of Oromiya, Tigray and Amhara National Regional States. To realize this goal, smallholder households must exercise their rights to access and manage water resources sustainably and equitably, for irrigating crops and raising livestock. Better access, equitable sharing, and sustainable management are essential outcomes that must be achieved along the path to greater food security and more resilient livelihoods.
Case studies / Leadership / Women / Indicators / Impact assessment / Non governmental organizations / Water user associations / Rural areas / Households / Cooperatives / Investment / Irrigation schemes / Institutions / Food security / Water resource management / Development projects
Record No:H043433
Amarasinghe, Upali; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Soda, Wannipa. 2010.
Growing biofuel demand in Thailand and Malaysia: water use and impacts. Project report submitted to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) under the project, “Comparative assessment of water usage and impacts arising from biofuel projects in South East Asian Countries”. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 36p.
More... Report submitted to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) under the project, “Comparative assessment of water usage and impacts arising from biofuel projects in South East Asian Countries”, commissioned by the Letter of Agreement No LOA/RAP/2009/38.Thailand and Malaysia are two south East Asian countries with rapidly growing biofuel demand. Increasing use of biofuel envisages reducing dependence of petroleum products for transport and mitigating environmental impacts by reducing carbon emissions. It also expects to contribute to rural development and poverty reduction. However, the impacts of expanding production of feedstock for biofuel on water supply are not well understood. This paper assesses the water footprints and impacts of sugarcane molasses and cassava based bioethanol in Thailand, and palm oil based biodiesel in Malaysia. The water footprint of a commodity or service is the water depleted in its life cycle of its production or consumption.The total water footprints of sugarcane molasses and cassava bioethanol production in Thailand are estimated to be 1,646 and 2,304 m3/tonne, respectively, and of palm oil biodiesel in Malaysia is 3,730 m3/tonne. However, the contributions from irrigation are only a small fraction --9.0, 0.7 and 0.3%-- of the total water footprints of molasses and cassava bioethanol, and palm oil biodiesel respectively. In terms of irrigation water use,cassava is a better feedstock for bioethanol production than sugarcane molasses.In Thailand, the total annual irrigation water footprints in bioethanol production --54 million m3 (mcm) for molasses and 15 mcm for cassava-- is only 0.02% of the total renewable water resources. In Malaysia, total annual irrigation water footprint of palm oil biodiesel production is only 0.001% of the total renewable water resources. A significant spatial variation of irrigation water footprints of molasses based ethanol exists across provinces in Thailand, indicating potential for reducing water footprints.The total irrigation water footprints in biofuel production in the future in both countries will also be negligible in comparison to total water availability. However, the impact of wastewater generated in the production processes can have significant impacts on quality of local water resources. A part of the waste water, called ‘spent wash’, is applied as fertilizer, and over use of it can affect soil and neighboring water resources. The proposed plans on biofuel production in the future can generate more ‘spent wash’ than that can be used in crop fields as fertilizer. Spent wash has found to have high PH value, temperature, biological and chemical oxygen contents etc. The usual practice of storing spent wash in a pond for a long period near a plant can have detrimental impact on soil, streams’ and groundwater quality.In sum, this study concludes that from the perspective of quantity of irrigation water use, the increasing biofuel production does not pose a major problem in Thailand
Groundwater / Water pollution / Water use / Irrigation water / Ethanol / Palm oils / Cassava / Sugarcane / Water footprint / Biofuels
Record No:H043429
Amarasinghe, Upali; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Sharma, Bharat R.; Eriyagama, Nishadi. 2010.
Water footprints of milk production: a case study in the Moga District of Punjab, India. Project report submitted to Nestle Ltd. under the project “Measuring the water footprints of milk production: contributions to livelihood benefits and sustainable water use in the Moga District in Punjab, India”. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 42p.
More... A project report submitted to Nestle Ltd. under the project “Measuring the water footprints of milk production: contributions to livelihood benefits and sustainable water use in the Moga District in Punjab, India.” This report assesses the water footprints of milk and crop production, their impacts and options of mitigating them. The major objectives of this report are: To assess water availability and use in agriculture in the Moga District of Punjab State, to examine the contribution of the different agricultural water uses to the over all unsustainable water extraction, and its impact on the WFP of milk and crops; To assess surface water and groundwater use of major crops (e.g., rice, wheat and fodder crops) and in milk production, with a focus on feed and fodder and direct water use for dairy cattle; and To propose improved water management practices that farmers can adopt to reduce WFP, and enhance water productivity and conservation, thus contributing to long-term sustainable water use in the region.
Water conservation / Groundwater depletion / Food security / Water use efficiency / Irrigation water / Wheat / Rice / Crop production / Milk production / Water footprint
Record No:H043415
Mainuddin, M.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Jirayoot, K.; Halls, A. S.; Kirby, M.; Lacombe, Guillaume; Srinetr, V. 2010.
Adaptation options to reduce the vulnerability of Mekong water resources, food security and the environment to impacts of development and climate change. Report to AusAID. : Collingwood, VIC, Australia: CSIRO. Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship; Vientiane, Laos: Mekong River Commission (MRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 151p.
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The report aims to provide critical input to the Mekong River Commission’s (MRC) regional Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative (CCAI) which was launched shortly after the formulation of this project. The CCAI is a collaborative regional initiative designed to address the shared climate change adaptation challenges of LMB countries in response to the potential effects of climate change on the socio-economic characteristics and natural resources of the LMB region. MRC has identified need for a more informed understanding of the potential impacts from climate change. To contribute to this aim, the purpose of this report is: 1. To present the framework of climate change analysis and its application to the Basin Development Plan (BDP) Scenarios; 2. To present the results from the application of the Decision Support Framework (DSF) models of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) in order to analyse the impacts of climate change and selected BDP Scenarios on flow regimes; 3. To present climate change impacts on floods and fisheries in the LMB; 4. To present the impact of climate change on the productivity of major crops grown in the basin and their consequences on the overall food security of the basin considering future population growth. 5. To present the results of applying simple adaptation strategies related to agriculture and food security; and 6. To determine further studies necessary to identify suitable adaptation strategies for dealing with such impacts.
Impact assessment / Food security / Environmental temperature / Supplemental irrigation / Rainfed farming / Irrigated farming / Productivity / Maize / Rice / Crop production / Ecology / Fisheries / Salt water intrusion / Flooding / Precipitation / Irrigation programs / Dams / Development projects / Electrical energy / Water power / Adaptation / Analysis / Climate change / Models / Decision support systems / River basin development
Record No:H043268
McCartney, Matthew; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2010.
Water storage in an era of climate change: addressing the challenge of increasing rainfall variability. Blue paper. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 14p.
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Rainfall variability is a key constraint to agricultural production and economic growth in many developing countries. This is likely to be exacerbated in many places as rainfall variability is amplified (even where the total amount of rain increases) as a result of climate change. Changes in rainfall will also increase variability in groundwater recharge and river flow, thus affecting all water sources. Water storage, in its various forms, provides a mechanism for dealing with variability which, if planned and managed correctly, increases water security, agricultural productivity and adaptive capacity. As such, water storage can make an important contribution to safeguarding livelihoods and reducing rural poverty. However, ill-conceived water storage is a waste of financial resources and, rather than mitigate, may aggravate unpleasant climate change impacts. Systems that combine complementary storage options are likely to be more adaptable and acceptable than those based on a single storage type. More systematic planning and management is required to avoid the mistakes of the past and to ensure more effective and suitable storage systems for the future.
Reservoirs / Dams / Rain / Climate change / Water storage
Record No:H043122
Johnston, Robyn M.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Lacombe, Guillaume; Noble, Andrew; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Suhardiman, Diana; Kam, S. P.; Choo, P. S. 2010.
Rethinking agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion: how to sustainably meet food needs, enhance ecosystem services and cope with climate change. [Summary report]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 24p.
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Water management / Ecosystems / Food production / Environmental effects / Climate change / Flood plains / Coastal area / Farming systems / Livestock / Fisheries / Rice / Agricultural production
Record No:H042771
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2009.
IWMI medium term plan 2009-2011. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 93p.
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River basin management / Water resource management / Research projects / Research priorities / Strategy planning / Research institutes
Record No:H043734
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2009.
IWMI medium term plan 2008-2010. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 89p.
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River basin management / Water resource management / Research projects / Research priorities / Strategy planning / Research institutes
Record No:H043615
van Koppen, Barbara; Mhlanga, N. 2009.
Capacity Building for Lavumisa Irrigation Development Project: process documentation. : Pretoria, South Africa: SADC/Danida Water Sector Support Programme; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 33p.
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Sanitation / Drinking water / Water supply / Irrigated farming / Sugarcane / Participatory management / Agricultural cooperatives / Stakeholders / Project management / Project planning / Multiple use / Water resource management / Capacity building
Record No:H042717
van Koppen, Barbara; Shaba, S. 2009.
IWRM and Rural Livelihood Project in Dzimphutsi: process documentation. : Pretoria, South Africa: SADC/Danida Water Sector Support Programme; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 31p.
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Impact assessment / Water users / Institution building / Water scarcity / Villages / Domestic water / Livestock / Fish ponds / Irrigated farming / Irrigation schemes / Dams / Community involvement / Participatory management / Project management / Project planning / Multiple use / Water resource management
Record No:H042716
van Koppen, Barbara; Mirira, R. 2009.
Improved livelihoods in lower Limpopo: process documentation. : Pretoria, South Africa: SADC/Danida Water Sector Support Programme; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 19p.
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Canals / Dams / Pumps / Irrigation schemes / Community involvement / Participatory management / Project management / Project planning / Water resource management
Record No:H042715
Chisaka, J. 2009.
IWRM and Food Security Project in Kafue Basin: process documentation. : Pretoria, South Africa: SADC/Danida Water Sector Support Programme; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 22p.
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Fulltext The purpose of this report is to show the process of the intervention made through the implementation of the IWRM and Food Security Demonstration Project in Zambia. The report gives details of the project processes, showing the steps the project went through, the outcomes and its impact on the communities where it was implemented. The report is the result of a number of field visits made to the completed project sites, the sources of information have been; focus group meetings, interviews, discussions with key informants, beneficiaries the youth, male and female stakeholders and reviews of project activity reports, and direct observations. Therefore, what is presented here is a cumulative “factual and real time” opinion as to what has been observed and discussed.; The Project was implemented over a period of two years in the three sites of the Kafue River Basin in the Central and Southern Provinces respectively. Katuba is at the Northern Bank of the Kafue River on the Mwembeshi River, a tributary of the Kafue River. Namwala is at the Southern Bank of the Kafue River, with Namwala River pouring its waters in the Kafue and meandering around the plains. The Kafue River Basin covers the Copper Belt Province in the North Western part of the country. Katuba is in Chibombo district and in the chiefdom of Mungule. In Namwala district, the project has been implemented in Mungaila and Mukobela Chiefdoms respectively. The report highlights some of the successes achieved by the intervention and some of the challenges faced by the target communities and recommends the way-forward to the sustainable management of water resources by the communities. The purpose of the project was to demonstrate the benefits of applying the IWRM principles and practices to reduce poverty and improve quality of life of the people through economic empowerment.
Food security / Irrigation water / Local government / Central government / Water policy / Leadership / Community involvement / Participatory management / Wells / Pumping / Water storage / Project management / Project planning / Water resource management
Record No:H042714
van Koppen, Barbara; Chisaka, J.; Shaba, S. S. 2009.
Lessons learnt from the IWRM demonstration projects: innovations in local-level integrated water resource development in Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland and Zambia. : Pretoria, South Africa: SADC/Danida Water Sector Support Programme; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 22p.
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Fulltext This report presents seven innovations in Local-level Integrated Water Resource Management, based on lessons learnt in the IWRM Demonstration Projects in Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland and Zambia.
Public health / Poverty / Local government / Empowerment / Community involvement / Participatory management / Domestic water / Irrigation water / Multiple use / Financing / Project planning / Guidelines / Water resource management
Record No:H042713
Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Simmons, Robert; Evans, Alexandra; Blummel, M.; Drescher, A. 2009.
Ensuring health and food safety from rapidly expanding wastewater irrigation in South Asia: BMZ final report 2005-2008. Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 24p.
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Fulltext This project aims to identify the risks and benefits associated with the use of wastewater in urban and peri-urban fodder and vegetable cropping systems in India and Pakistan, where wastewater is largely untreated due to lack of public finance. Two mega-cities (Faisalabad, Pakistan and Hyderabad, India, with large untreated wastewater irrigation areas have been selected a) for comparative purposes and b) to develop and promote country-specific risk mitigation options. With a particular focus on food safety, livelihoods and livestock, the research will combine field and laboratory methods and structured interactions with producers, consumers, and authorities (urban planning, public health and water management). The goal of the project is to improve health and safeguard wastewater-dependent livelihoods of resource-poor urban and peri-urban farmers and consumers in developing countries. This overlaps with IWMI’s mission to improve water and land resources management for food, livelihoods and nature. The project’s purpose is to develop and promote the uptake of a set of risk mitigation options based on a comprehensive assessment of risks and benefits associated with wastewater irrigation in Hyderabad (India) and Faisalabad (Pakistan). The project will enable the uptake of the recommendations in two countries with large wastewater-irrigated areas and different political - institutional environments.
Research priorities / GIS / Surveys / Economic evaluation / Risk assessment / Livestock / Fodder / Vegetables / Cropping systems / Diseases / Health hazards / Public health / Institutions / Wastewater irrigation
Record No:H042649
Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Weckenbrock, P.; Simmons, R.; Acharya, Sreedhar; Drescher, A.; Blummel, M. 2009.
An atlas of water quality, health and agronomic risks and benefits associated with 'wastewater' irrigated agriculture: a study from the banks of the Musi River, India. [Report prepared for the IWMI-BMZ project]. Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 62p.
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Fulltext This atlas provides information on the salient findings of the project entitled quot;Ensuring Health and Food Safety from Rapidly Expanding Wastewater Irrigation in South Asiaquot; coordinated by the International Water Management Institute (Hyderabad office). The three year project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium fr Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung - BMZ) was carried out in two countries, India and Pakistan, in collaboration with a number of international and local partners. This atlas highlights the findings from India. The atlas comprises thematic maps and their corresponding descriptions highlighting the key findings of the project. The wastewater use in agriculture described here is associated with a polluted riverine system, due to all types of city discharges. As such, it can be expected that the water quality can change considerably in different stretches of the 40 km stretch of the river, with the head end being more polluted than the tail end. Therefore in order to avoid a rigid classification, the descriptions to the maps refer to the term quot;(Musi) river waterquot;. In the rest of text, the term quot;wastewaterquot; is used in the context of the chemical and biological attributes associated with agronomic and health risks in any given stretch of the river. The atlas was prepared as a summary document of the key findings of the project, to promote a discussion on the wastewater use in agriculture, at the dissemination workshop held in October 2008.
Health hazards / Parasitoses / Rural communities / Water quality / Rivers / Wastewater irrigation / Maps
Record No:H042566
Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Ishaq, S.; Radar, V. 2009.
Annual report RUAF - Cities farming for the future, South and South East Asia Region, 2008. : Hyderabad, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF) 113p.
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Fulltext This report documents the fourth year and final report of the RUAF-CFF programme in the South and South East Asia region, coordinated by the International Water Management Institute, Hyderabad office, India. It is arranged in three sections: Introduction, activities for the year 2008 and cumulative results of 2005 -2008. The overall content reflects the activates, outcomes and outputs of the four year RAFT-CFF programme.
Development projects / Training / Urban agriculture
Record No:H042560
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2009.
IWMI medium term plan 2010-2012. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 110p.
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Irrigated farming / Water resource management / Maintenance costs / Project planning / Research projects / Research priorities / Financial situation / Strategy planning / Research institutes
Record No:H042469
Johnston, Robyn M.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Lacombe, Guillaume; Noble, Andrew D.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Suhardiman, Diana; Kam, Suan Pheng; Choo, P. S. 2009.
Scoping study on natural resources and climate change in Southeast Asia with a focus on agriculture. Final report. Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) South East Asia Office, for Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) 107p.
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Nutrient management / Policy / Rural poverty / Economic aspects / Water management / Food security / Fisheries / Livestock / Farming systems / Cropping systems / Crops / Agricultural production / Agroecology / Environmental effects / Natural resources / Climate change
Record No:H042414
van Koppen, Barbara. 2009.
Guidelines for community-driven water resource management: as initiated by the Integrated Water Resource Management Demonstration Projects in Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland and Zambia. : Pretoria, South Africa: SADC/Danida Water Sector Support Programme; Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 24p.
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Fulltext These guidelines are based on the IWRM Demonstration Projects in Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland and Zambia, implemented by the SADC Regional Water Sector Programme supported by Danida, and synthesized by Barbara van Koppen. It provides a practical step-by-step guide on how to apply community-driven water resource management for improved livelihoods and sustainable water systems for multiple uses. The guideline is aimed at implementers of community water development projects, in particular the local government.
Development projects / Impact assessment / Evaluation / Monitoring / Participatory management / Rural communities / Social participation / Community involvement / Water use / Multiple use / Water supply / Water resource management / Best practices / Guidelines
Record No:H042174
Kuppannan, Palanisami; Kumar, D. S.; Wani, S. P. 2009.
A manual on impact assessment of watersheds. : Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT); Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program 52p.
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Recognising the importance of watershed development as a strategy of rural development, both central and state governments, non-governmental organisations, International Development Agencies invest huge funds on watershed development. The watershed approach enables the planners to internalize such externalities and other linkages among agricultural and related activities. Experience shows that various watershed development programme brought significant positive impact. Impact evaluations contribute to improve the effectiveness of policies and programs. Different methodologies have been used in the evaluation literature mainly the qualitative and quantitative methods. Choosing appropriate methodology for impact assessment of natural resource management interventions is essential.
This bulletin outlines the various concepts and methods in watershed impact evaluation with examples. The use of economic surplus approach with consumer and producers’ surplus is compared with the conventional approach with only producers’ surplus. Also incorporation of the rainfall variability in the watershed evaluation is demonstrated. A simple computer based watershed programme incorporating the various components of the watershed development is also developed and included.
Best practices / Guidelines / Rain / Natural resources management / Social aspects / Rural development / Rural economy / Economic analysis / Cost benefit analysis / Evaluation / Development projects / Indicators / Impact assessment / Economic impact / Watershed management
Record No:H034811
Mikhael, M.; Yoder, R. 2008.
Multiple-use water service implementation in Nepal and India: experience and lessons for scale-up. [Report of the CGIAR Challenge Program-Multiple-Use Water Systems (CP-MUS) Project]. : Denver, CO, USA: International Development Enterprises (IDE); Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 318p.
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Marketing / Funding / Financing / Costs / Economic aspects / Technology / Capacity building / Tanks / Water storage / Sprinkler irrigation / Drip irrigation / Microirrigation / Irrigation systems / Socioeconomic environment / Food security / Food production / Cropping systems / Vegetable growing / Agriculture / Income / Government agencies / Non governmental organizations / Institutions / Case studies / Community development / Women / Gender / Research projects / Households / Soil conservation / Water conservation / Water quality / Water rights / Sanitation / Drinking water / Domestic water / Water use / Water scarcity / Multiple use / Water resources development / Water management
Record No:H044752
Cofie, Olufunke; Otchere-Larbi, Theophilus; Schuetz, Tonya; Abraham, Ernest Mensah; Kumassah, R. 2008.
RUAF Cities Farming for the Future Programme Anglophone West Africa Region project report 2005-2008. : Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Accra, Ghana: Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF Foundation) 84p.
More... This is a report on the fourth and final year of the RUAF-CFF programme activities in West Africa Anglophone region, coordinated by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Ghana. This report documents the activities implemented as well as the results, outcomes and impacts in all focus cities within the region from January 2005 to December 2008. The cities are: a. Pilot cities: Accra, Ghana, Freetown, Sierra Leone, and Ibadan, Nigeria in sequential order of entry and intervention; b. Partner (or dissemination) cities: Tamale, Tema and Cape Coast in Ghana; and Akure in Nigeria, all at completion stages of pilot project implementation in their respective cities.
Agricultural extension / Gender / Non governmental organizations / Farmers associations / Local government / Participatory management / Stakeholders / Capacity building / Training / Urban agriculture
Record No:H042723
Manthrithilake, Herath; Kazbekov, Jusipbek; Yakubov, Murat. 2008.
Final report of the Integrated Water Resources Management in Fergana Valley Project, phase 3, 1 May 2005 – 31 April 2008. : Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC), Scientific Information Center (SIC); Tashkent, Uzbekistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 84p.
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Capacity building / Training / Performance indexes / Equity / Water distribution / Water delivery / Water allocation / Legal aspects / Social participation / Water user associations / Irrigated farming / Irrigation management / Governance / Rivers / Irrigation canals
Record No:H041914
Aggarwal, P. K.; Hebbar, K. B.; Venugopalan, M. V.; Rani, S.; Bala, A.; Biswal, A.; Wani, S. P. 2008.
Quantification of yield gaps in rain-fed rice, wheat, cotton and mustard in India. : Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT); Colombo, Sri Lanka: Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture; Pusa, New Delhi, India: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) 30p.
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Mustard / Cotton / Wheat / Rice / Simulation / Crop yield / Rainfed farming
Record No:H041564
University of East Anglia, Overseas Development Group; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Soil Water Research Group; International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Africa Regional Office. 2006.
Raising irrigation productivity and releasing water for intersectoral needs (RIPARWIN): RIPARWIN final technical report. : Norwich, UK: University of East Anglia, Overseas Development Group; Morogoro, Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Soil Water Research Group; Silverton, Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Africa Regional Office 37p.
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Fulltext This project, based in the Great Ruaha River Basin in Tanzania, is looking at basin level water management impacts on agricultural productivity and wetlands. The main focus is to identify whether water currently going to rice production could be apos;savedapos; and reallocated for dry season environmental flows; and if so, how this could be done. Working with local partners and with UK-based institutions, the IWMI component focuses on the use of an integrated set of models to examine interactions between different water uses in the basin.
Rice / Irrigation management / Productivity / Irrigation water / Water allocation / Development projects / River basin development / River basin management / Hydrology / River basins
Record No:H042201
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2006.
IWMI medium term plan 2007-2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 84p.
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Agricultural research / Water management / Irrigation management / Strategy planning / Research projects / Research priorities / Research institutes
Record No:H039301
Inocencio, Arlene; Kikuchi, M.; Merrey, Douglas; Tonosaki, M.; Maruyama, A.; de Jong, I.; Sally, Hilmy; Penning de Vries, F. 2005.
Lessons from irrigation investment experiences: cost-reducing and performance-enhancing options for Sub-Saharan Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 52p.
More... This study aims to systematically establish whether costs of irrigation projects in SSA are truly high, determine the factors which influence costs and recommend cost-reducing options in order make irrigation investments in SSA more attractive. The study analyzes 314 irrigation projects implemented from 1967 to 2003 in 50 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America funded (or assisted) by the World Bank, African Development Bank and the International Fund for Agriculture Development. The sample includes “irrigation” projects, irrigation development with power generation (“irrigation with power”) projects, and irrigation component in multi-sectoral projects (MSPs). For the latter two types of project, only the cost of the irrigation component was included in the analyses. The study distinguishes projects according to purpose (ranging from purely new construction to purely rehabilitation), type of irrigation system (river diversion, reservoir-based, tank, river/groundwater-lift, and largely drainage or flood control), mode of Oamp;M (government managed, jointly managed, farmer-managed), and major crops irrigated. All data are obtained from project completion (PCRs) and performance audit reports (PPARs) complemented with information from staff appraisal reports. Unit irrigation costs and project performance measured by economic internal rates of return are actual figures reported in PPARs or PCRs. This report examines whether the difference in unit costs in sub-Saharan Africa compared with other regions is significant, and identifies the key determinants of unit investment costs and performance of irrigation projects. It makes three important contributions: (1) it confirms some earlier findings about irrigation projects; (2) it disproves some popularly-held notions and incorrect perceptions about unit costs and performance of irrigation projects in sub-Saharan Africa; and (3) it provides empirical support to some existing irrigation investment policies and programs and a basis for reconsideration of others and introduction of new ones. The report presents recommendations for formulating better irrigation projects and a clear investment direction in agricultural water in sub-Saharan Africa.
Performance evaluation / Investment / Costs / Irrigation projects
Record No:H044634
Peden, D.; Freeman, A.; Astatke, A.; Notenbaert, A. 2005.
Investment options for integrated water-livestock-crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 45p.
More... This paper focuses on enhancing returns on investments in agricultural water through effective integration of livestock production. It suggests that multi-sectoral approaches to investment in water, soil, crop and livestock will have greater development impact and profitability than developing water and livestock independently in the same areas.
Rainfed farming / Investment / Irrigated farming / Livestock / Farming systems
Record No:H044633
McCartney, Matthew; Boelee, Eline; Cofie, Olufunke; Amerasinghe, Felix; Mutero, Clifford. 2005.
Agricultural water development in Sub-Saharan Africa: planning and management to improve the benefits and reduce the environmental and health costs. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 50p.
More... This report analyses environmental and health impacts arising from agricultural water development in sub-Saharan Africa and recommends ways to increase the sustainability of investments in irrigation by taking into account health and environmental concerns. In many places in the region irrigation is a key means of enhancing productivity that can reduce poverty and improve livelihoods. However, failure to adequately foresee, plan and manage the negative environmental and health impacts arising from irrigation undermines the sustainability of many projects and may worsen poverty.This report is not intended as a compendium of data on environmental and health issues pertaining to agricultural water development. Rather it seeks to provide an overview and framework for understanding policy and programming issues to tackle these issues.
Policy / Health hazards / Environmental impact assessment / Irrigation effects
Record No:H044632
Simmons, Robert; Sukreeyapongse, O.; Noble, Andrew; Chinabut, N. 2005.
Report of LDD-IWMI land zoning and Cd risk assessment activities undertaken in Phatat Pha Daeng and Mae Tao Mai sub-districts, Mae Sot, Tak Province, Thailand. Final report. : Bangkok, Thailand: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), SEA Regional Office; Bangkok, Thailand: Land Development Department 1CD
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Watersheds / Water pollution / Irrigation water / Villages / Public health / Assessment / Risks / Soil degradation / Cadmium / Paddy fields / Rice
Record No:H038312
Soil-Water Management Research Group. 2005.
Control of seepage losses in dug-out ponds and small earth dams. : Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Morogoro, Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture iii, 10p.
More... Manual produced under the IWMI financed project “Options for Increasing the Productivity of Harvested and Stored Rainwater for Smallholder Farmers in the Dry Area of Western Pare Lowlands”
Water loss / Seepage / Dams / Construction / Ponds
Record No:H037651
Soil-Water Management Research Group. 2005.
Design of rainwater harvesting storage structures. : Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Morogoro, Tanzania: Sokoine University of Agriculture Manual produced under the IWMI financed project “Options for Increasing the Productivity of Harvested and Stored Rainwater for Smallholder Farmers in the Dry Area of Western Pare Lowlands”. iv, 26p.
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Catchment areas / Design / Dams / Tanks / Water storage / Ponds / Water harvesting
Record No:H037649
Simmons, Robert; Sukreeyapongse, O.; Noble, Andrew; Chinabut, N. 2005.
Report of LDD-IWMI land zoning and Cd risk assessment activities undertaken in Phatat Pha Daeng and Mae Tao Mai sub-districts, Mae Sot, Tak Province, Thailand. Final report. : Bangkok, Thailand: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), SEA Regional Office; Bangkok, Thailand: Land Development Department 1CD
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Watersheds / Water pollution / Irrigation water / Villages / Public health / Assessment / Risks / Soil degradation / Cadmium / Paddy fields / Rice
Record No:H037646
Ul Hassan, Mehmood; Yakubov, Murat. 2004.
An approach to social mobilization for effective stakeholder participation in integrated water resource management in the Aral Sea Basin. : Tashkent, Uzbekistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Scientific Information Center of the Interstate Commission on Water Coordination (SIC-ICWC) 11p.
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Fulltext The framework reported here drives from the documentation and experiences gained under the SDC funded “Integrated Water Resources Management in the Fergana Valley Project (IWRM-Fergana), which is implemented by the association comprising the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Scientific Information Center of the Interstate Commission on Water Coordination (SIC-ICWC) of Central Asia.
Water user associations / Water delivery / Social participation / Water resource management
Record No:H036247
Doan Doan Tuan; Biltonen, Eric; Hussain, Intizar; Nguyen Van Quy; Dang The Phong; Le Ngoc Hung; Dinh The Hung; Nguyen Xuan Tiep; Pham van Ban; Lam Quang Dung; Nguyen Danh Minh; Le Van Chinh; Tran Anh Dung; Nguyen Manh Vu. 2004.
Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia: poverty in irrigated agriculture: issues and options: Vietnam. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) v, 185p.
(IWMI country report Vietnam) [DOI]More... |
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IWMI-ADB Project
Drought / Financing / Rice / Water distribution / Water delivery / Cooperatives / Drainage / Regression analysis / Income / Households / Dams / Hydrology / Rivers / Economic aspects / Social aspects / Irrigation canals / Pumping / Irrigation systems / Irrigation programs / Performance indexes / Participatory rural appraisal / Privatization / Participatory management / User charges / Water rates / Legal aspects / Institutions / Irrigation management / Farm income / Poverty / Irrigated farming
Record No:H036152
Arif, Sigit; Maksum, Mochammad; Murtiningrum; Suparmi; Hartono, Slamet; Mawarni, Agnes; Rahardjo; Rochdiyanto, Saiful; Hussain, Intizar; Wijerathna, Deeptha. 2004.
Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia: poverty in irrigated agriculture: issues and options: Indonesia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) x, 217p.
(IWMI Country Report Indonesia) [DOI]More... |
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IWMI-ADB Project
Constraints / Financing / Water user associations / Maintenance / Operations / Irrigation systems / Expenditure / Income / Households / Costs / Crop production / Performance indexes / Participatory rural appraisal / Soils / Cropping systems / Climate / Hydrology / Privatization / Policy / Colonialism / Irrigation management / Institutional development / Poverty / Irrigated farming
Record No:H036151
Ahmad, Q. K.; Karim, Zahurul; Haq, Azharul; Quasem, Abdul; Hussain, Intizar; Rahman, K.; Chakravorty, N.; Ali, Noajesh; Akhter, Rowshan; Hasan, Zubair; Younus, A. F.; Hossain, Afzal; Karim, M. A.; Siddiqui, S. M. H.; Ahmed, Khoshbu. 2004.
Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia: poverty in irrigated agriculture: issues and options: Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) vi, 162p.
(IWMI Country Report Bangladesh) [DOI]More... |
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IWMI-ADB Project
Irrigation canals / Expenditure / Income / Households / Cost recovery / Water allocation / Public sector / Participatory management / Water users / Legislation / Non-governmental organizations / Local government / Organizations / Institutions / Planning / Policy / Water resource management / Irrigation management / Poverty / Irrigated farming
Record No:H036149
International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). 2004.
Analysis report of the first benchmark survey of Mahaweli System C Upgrading Project. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) iv, 60p.
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Credit / Labor / Costs / Rice / Agricultural production / Maintenance / Operations / Infrastructure / Data storage and retrieval / Water loss / Water delivery / Farmers’ associations / Irrigated farming / Evaluation / Monitoring / Development projects / River basins
Record No:H035718
Hussain, Intizar; Giordano, Mark. 2004.
Water and poverty linkages: case studies from Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Project report 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) v, 108p.
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The case studies reported here highlight important concepts and information on the linkages between water and poverty that may not be available elsewhere. The overall objective of the studies is to draw generic lessons and identify interventions that can help policy makers, planners and other stakeholders to develop actions that are effective in water resources management for the poor. All case studies focus on poor in South Asia, but all with differing geographic contexts or thematic focci. The first two papers are based on field surveys supplemented by literature reviews. The first focusses on the impact of water on poverty in a mountainous region in Nepal, while the second focusses on the impact of drought on water availability, and hence poverty, in a district in Pakistanapos;s Baluchistan province. The final two papers both took Sri Lanka as their area of study. The first Sri Lanka paper explores the linkages between water, health and poverty and presents a conceptual framework which was used to analyze the results of previous studies. Sri Lankaapos;s dry zone is the geographic focus of the second paper, which focusses primarily on the linkages between irrigation and poverty.
Agricultural development / Environmental sustainability / Domestic water / Wells / Households / Women / Case studies / Drought / Soil degradation / Public health / Disease vectors / Waterborne diseases / Food security / Sanitation / Population / Irrigation water / Water potential / Hydroelectric schemes / Poverty / Water harvesting / Water resource management
Record No:H034914
Hoanh, Chu Thai; Guttman, H.; Droogers, P.; Aerts, J. 2003.
Water, climate, food, and environment in the Mekong basin in southeast Asia: contribution to the project ADAPT: adaptation strategies to changing environments. Final report. : Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Vientiane, Laos: Mekong River Commission Secretariat (MRCS); Amsterdam, Netherlands: Institute of Environmental Studies (IVM) 57p.
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Food security / Models / Economic indicators / Social aspects / Soils / Groundwater / Surface water / Land use / Environmental effects / Climate change / River basins
Record No:H041917
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2003.
Development of effective water-management institutions, final report, vol.IV, appendix I: basin profiles. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) iii, 108p.
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Fulltext Regional study implemented by IWMI with financial support from the Asian Development Bank (RETA 5812)
Case studies / Population / Financing / Indicators / Water scarcity / Water use / River basins / Conflict / Water allocation / Environmental effects / Land tenure / Land use / Pollution control / Groundwater / Water law / Water policy / Irrigated farming / Water resource management
Record No:H035406
International Water Management Institute (IWMI) South East Asia Regional Office; Kasetsart University; Department of Water Resources; National Economic and Social Development Board. 2003.
Exploratory analysis of multiple use options for land and water resources planning and management: case study on the Mae Klong River Basin, Thailand: Final report. Bangkok, Thailand: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) South East Asia Regional Office v.p.
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Crop production / Canals / Productivity / Land use / Wastewater / Water quality / Domestic water / Electricity supplies / Irrigation efficiency / Irrigation requirements / Water use / Evapotranspiration / Groundwater / Reservoirs / Surface runoff / Rain / Income / Households / Labor / Population growth / Irrigation programs / Ecology / Climate / Topography / Land management / Water demand / Water supply / Water balance / Hydrology / Decision support tools / Models / Water resource management / River basin development
Record No:H034029
Bhatti, A. 2002.
Summary of activities: 6th research reporting day, November 04, 2002. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Regional Office for Pakistan, Central Asia and Middle East ii, 41p.
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Databases / River basins / Wells / Salinity control / Canals / Poverty / Irrigated farming / Conjunctive use / Groundwater management / Sustainable agriculture / Productivity / Water quality / Irrigation water / Wastewater / Research projects / Research institutes / Agricultural research
Record No:H031836
Merrey, D. J.; Vermillion, D. L.; Shah, T. 2001?.
Institutional requirements for effective water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 16p.
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Multiple use / Water use / User charges / Legal aspects / Irrigation systems / Institutional development / Water resource management / Irrigation management
Record No:H030856
Mane, L. K.; Fraval, P. 2001.
Suivi par teledetection des cultures de decrue dans la vallee du fleuve Senegal en saison froide 2000/2001. In French. : Saint-Louis, Senegal: Societe Nationale dapos;Amenagement et dapos;Exploitation des Terres du Delta du fleuve Senegal et des vallees du fleuve Senegal et de la Faleme (SAED); Saint-Louis, Senegal: Africa Rice Centre (WARDA/ADRAO); Saint-Louis, Senegal: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 29p.
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In the Senegal river floodplain, irrigated agriculture and traditional flood recession crops (mainly sorghum) coexist. The latter depends upon the extent of the annual flood, which is partly a function of the amount of water released from the upstream Manantali reservoir. Even though recession sorghum yield is clearly smaller than that of irrigated rice, this production system, because it covers a large area, is a major contributor to total food production in Podor and Matam departments. It is therefore important to quantify areas and yields. In collaboration with the West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), SAED has carried out a survey of the 2000-2001 agricultural campaign based on remote sensing and GIS analysis. In 2000, inundations in the Podor department covered 37.635 hectares. 3.277 million m3 of water were released from the Manantali reservoir specifically to support the natural flooding due to uncontrolled tributaries of the Senegal river. However, over the entire rainy season, the inflow into the reservoir exceeded the water released from it. In the Podor department, 18.998 hectares were cultivated, corresponding to 51% of the inundated area. In total, in both departments, the total area under sorghum cultivation amounted to 25.745 hectares in 2000-2001, that is only 44% of the area of the previous season, particularly wet. The total production of recession sorghum grain in the Matam department is about 4.075 tons and the average yield 638 kg/hectare. The method used gives reliable results, particularly a good relationship between yield and spectral response. It requires not more than 3 weeks of fieldwork but timing is crucial. Coupled with SAED’s Geographic Information System (GIS) and complementary to the survey of rice production using remote sensing analysis, this work provides a more accurate estimation of food production at the level of each Rural Community. It also provides objective information to assess the mutual influence of recession sorghum and irrigated rice cropping systems.
Reservoirs / Flood plains / River basins / Estimation / Rice / Sorghum / Crop yield / Hydrology / Soils / Climate / Irrigated farming / GIS / Remote sensing
Record No:H040354
Rehman, S-ur; Ul Hassan, M.; Lashari, B.; Memon, Y. 2000.
Proposed business plans for pilot farmer organizations. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 32p.
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Financing / Farmer-led irrigation / Accounting / Participatory management / Farmer participation / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Farmers organizations
Record No:H026868
Feenstra, S.; Jabbar, A.; Masih, R.; Jehangir, W. A. 2000.
Health hazards of pesticides in Pakistan. : Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council; Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program
(IWMI Pakistan Report R-100) [DOI]More... |
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Surveys / Plant protection / Pest control / Pesticide residues / Risks / Public health
Record No:H026193
Skogerboe, G. V. 2000.
Groundwater salinity in the Colorado River Basin. : Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program; Lahore, Pakistan: Pakistan Council of Research Water Resources (PCRWR); Griffith, NSW, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ix, 75p.
(IWMI Pakistan Report R-096) [DOI]More... |
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Livestock / Groundwater potential / Water use / Wells / Simulation / Discharges / Recharge / Aquifers / Salinity / Groundwater / Water availability / Population / Energy / Economic growth / Water rights / History / River basin development
Record No:H026073
Raju, K. V.; Brewer, J. D. 2000.
Conjunctive management, North Bihar, India. : Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program; Lahore, Pakistan: Pakistan Council of Research Water Resources (PCRWR); Griffith, NSW, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) ix, 70p.
(IWMI Pakistan Report R-095) [DOI]More... |
Fulltext (5.26MB)
Waterlogging / Environmental effects / Water market / associations / Farmersapos / Institutions / Maintenance costs / Operating costs / Drilling / Tube wells / Pumps / Wells / Water delivery / Water distribution / Water allocation / Organizations / Water policy / Water law / Wheat / Rice / Irrigated farming / Rain / Water availability / Irrigation programs / Irrigation canals / Groundwater / Surface water / Conjunctive use / Irrigation management
Record No:H026072
Bhatti, M. A.; Ahmad, T. 1999.
Summary of activities: research reporting day, November 11, 1999. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Pakistan Program iii, 46p.
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Malaria / Farmer-led irrigation / Water quality / Gender / Poverty / Dams / Social organization / Maintenance / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Farmer participation / Irrigation scheduling / Groundwater / Wells / Salinity / Land use / Land reclamation / Irrigated farming / Irrigation canals / Water resource management / Irrigation management / Research institutes / Agricultural research
Record No:H029993
Khan, A. H.; Vehmeyer, P. W.; Reichert, A. P.; Kalwij, I. M.; Lashari, B.; Skogerboe, G. V. 1999.
Water supply and water balance studies for the Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia (South) Project area. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program ix, 84p.
(IWMI Pakistan Report R-088) [DOI]More... |
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Recharge / Groundwater / Evapotranspiration / Precipitation / Seepage loss / Water budget / Water balance / Water conveyance / Discharges / Watercourses / Distributary canals / Irrigation canals / Irrigation scheduling / Water distribution / Protective irrigation / Water supply / Irrigation programs
Record No:H026020
Hassan, M. S.; Raoof, A.; Shahid, M. A.; Skogerboe, G. V.; Saeed-ur-Rehman; Aslam, M. 1999.
Monitoring and evaluation of agro-economic benefits and project impact for Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia (South) Irrigation and Drainage Project. : Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program; Lahore, Pakistan: WAPDA. Watercourse Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate xii, 78p.
(IWMI Pakistan Report R-084; WMED Report 77) [DOI]More... |
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Farm income / Crop yield / Cropping systems / Water table / Cotton / Watercourses / Water distribution / Water delivery / Water allocation / Subsurface drainage / Hydraulics / Indicators / Benefits / Evaluation / Monitoring / Project design / Soil degradation / Salinity / Waterlogging / Irrigation canals / Irrigation programs / Economic analysis
Record No:H025554