Webinar: Irrigation development and agricultural water management in Africa: transitioning implementation for sustainable adaptation
Thursday 15 October 2020 | 11:00-13:30 GMT
Organized by the African Union (AU) Commission in collaboration with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and The World Bank, this webinar aims to promote AU member states’ internalization of the Framework for Irrigation Development and Agricultural Water Management (IDAWM). Published in June 2020, the framework consolidates the most relevant approaches to and priority actions for agricultural water management (AWM) in Africa and serves as a blueprint to align and harmonize national and regional water management policies.
Learning from and building on previous AWM implementation efforts, the framework proposes investment in four parallel pathways.
Pathway 1: Improved water control and watershed management under rain-fed farming
Pathway 2: Farmer-led irrigation development
Pathway 3: Irrigation scheme development and modernization
Pathway 4: Unconventional water use for irrigation (including wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse)
The webinar will provide a platform to present the four pathways in relation to design and implementation challenges and the external and internal factors that influence use and sustainability.
The objectives of the webinar are, among others, to:
Share experiences and update knowledge on IDAWM implementation challenges;
Discuss key systemic and policy-related changes needed to facilitate a transition to sustainable irrigation development and AWM practices;
Increase awareness of and galvanize investment interest in agricultural intensification measures as proposed in the framework and promote their sustainable adaptation to scale.
Expected outcomes
The webinar is expected to:
Increase awareness among planners, policy makers, donors and implementers on the use of irrigation and AWM practices for agricultural intensification;
Provide an update on implementation challenges for each of the pathways;
Increase the knowledge of actors and implementers on success factors needed for sustainable use of AWM schemes.
Webinar format and target audience
The target participants are regional- and national-level irrigation and AWM planners and policy makers, donors, project implementers, partners, experts, farmers’ organization representatives and other stakeholders.
The 2.5-hour live-streamed webinar will discuss specific implementation and use-related challenges for the four pathways. Country-specific success factors that can be leveraged to mitigate these challenges will also be discussed for each of the pathways.
Featured speakers
Opening remarksPanelistsSpeaker profiles
Opening remarks and presentation of the IDAWM framework
Abebe Haile-Gabriel
Assistant Director General and FAO Regional Representative for Africa
Mark Smith Director General, International Water Management Institute
Mark Lundell
Regional Director, Sustainable Development Eastern and Southern Africa, The World Bank
Josefa Sacko
Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculture, African Union Commission
Mure Agbonlahor
Senior Agricultural Production and Marketing Officer, African Union Commission
Pathway 1
Nuhu Hatibu
Regional Head, East Africa, AGRA
Boubacar Barry
Hydraulician and Research Associate, IPAR
Pathway 2
Gabriella Izzi
Senior Irrigation and Drainage Specialist, The World Bank
Regassa Namara
Senior Water Economist, The World Bank
Olufunke Cofie
West Africa Regional Representative, International Water Management Institute
Petra Schmitter
Research Group Leader – Sustainable and Resilient Food Production Systems, International Water Management Institute
Pathway 3
Valere Nzeyimana
Senior Water Development and Management Officer, FAO Regional Office for Africa
Bancy Mati
Director, Water Research and Resource Center
Jonathan Denison
Independent Irrigation and Agricultural Water Consultant and CEO of Water Development
Abraham Mehari Haile
Principal Researcher, MetaMeta
Pathway 4
Josiane Nikiema
Research Group Leader – Water Pollution and Circular Economy, International Water Management Institute
Hans Komakech
Senior Lecturer and Centre Director WISE – Futures
Mure Agbonlahor is a Senior Agricultural Production and Marketing Officer at the African Union Commission. He is based in AU-SAFGRAD, a specialized technical office in Burkina Faso under the Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture. Among other functions, AU-SAFGRAD supports African Union Member States in building resilient agriculture-based livelihoods by promoting the dissemination and adoption of climate-smart technologies to mitigate the challenges associated with dryland agriculture.
Boubacar Barry is a Hydraulician and Research Associate at IPAR, a Senegal-based think tank focused on rural development in Africa. He also holds the position of chairperson of the Technical Committee of Experts of the Global Water Partnership – West Africa section. He has almost 40 years’ experience as a scientist in hydrology and soil and water conservation engineering. His research interests are soil and water engineering related to basin hydrology, water quality, drainage, irrigation and erosion control. Research application is supported by his expertise in GIS, numerical and stochastic modeling and expert systems. He holds a PhD from Purdue University in the United States.
Regassa Namara is a Senior Water Economist at The World Bank, where he has contributed to several investment operations, mainly in irrigation and drainage, but also in areas such as dam rehabilitation and safety, cooperation in international waters, and sustainable land and water management. He is a focal point for The World Bank’s farmer-led irrigation development initiative. Prior to joining The World Bank, he held several positions at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), including heading the West Africa Regional Office in Accra, Ghana. He started his research and development career with the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research in 1987. He holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Goettingen in Germany.
Petra Schmitter is a Senior Researcher at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and leads the Research Group on Sustainable and Resilient Food Production Systems. Her main research focuses on developing suitable water solutions for smallholder farmers to improve their agricultural resilience. Over the past 14 years she has mainly worked in interdisciplinary research for development projects in South-East Asia and West and East Africa in the field of farmer-led irrigation, water productivity, irrigation scheme modernization, land degradation and hydrological modelling. She holds an MSc in Bioengineering in Environmental Technology from the KU Leuven, an MSc in Water Resources Engineering from KU Leuven – VUB and a PhD in Agricultural Science from the University of Hohenheim.
Bancy Mati is Director of the Water Research and Resource Center and a professor at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in Kenya, where she focuses on agricultural water management and related topics. She has extensive experience as a consultant for organizations including FAO, WFP, IFAD, UNDP, The World Bank, NEPAD, AGRA, IWMI, Nile Basin Initiative and EAC. She is the chairperson of the Association of Irrigation Acceleration Platform, which promotes irrigation in Kenya. She is passionate about best practices in irrigation and agricultural water management in Africa and actively promotes these through her work. She holds a PhD in Rural Land Use and GIS.
Hans Komakech is the Centre Director of Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures (WISE – Futures), one of the Eastern and Southern Africa Higher Education Centers of Excellence initiated by The World Bank. He is a socio-technical researcher with a keen interest in the study of transdisciplinary approaches to science and technology for development application. His research interests are in the areas of surface and groundwater management, irrigation development, urban water and sanitation management. He holds a PhD in Water Resources Management from IHE Delft/TU Delft Netherlands.
Nuhu Hatibu is the Regional Head, East Africa and Mechanization and Irrigation Lead at AGRA. His previous positions include CEO of Kilimo Trust, a not-for-profit agriculture-for-development organization, and professor in agricultural engineering at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, where he taught for 20 years. He has been involved in the development and adoption of policy, institutional and technological innovations for holistic management of water for agriculture in 22 countries, and he has led research into and promotion of rainwater harvesting, making it a central water management strategy. He holds a PhD in Agricultural Engineering.
Gabriella Izzi is a Senior Irrigation and Drainage Specialist at The World Bank, which she joined in 2010. Her work focuses on irrigation development and rehabilitation, in both North and sub-Saharan Africa. She is increasingly interested in farmer-led irrigation development (FLID) and leads the team responsible for preparing The World Bank’s FLID guide. Prior to The World Bank, Gabriella worked for the FAO for five years, focusing on deficit irrigation, estimation of crop water requirements and yield response to water. She holds a PhD in Irrigation from Florence University, Italy.
Olufunke Cofie is a Principal Researcher and West Africa Regional Representative for the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). She has over 20 years of international professional experience in research and project implementation in natural resources management in Africa, focusing on water and sanitation linkages to agriculture as well as on smallholder agricultural water management. In addition to her scientific research capacity, she has held research leadership positions for over 10 years. These include as the West Africa Regional Coordinator for the International Network of Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security, and lead for the multi-institutional research-for-development Challenge Program on Water and Food in the Volta River Basin. A former university don, she holds a PhD in Soil Science and an MBA.
Valere Nzeyimana is a Senior Water Development and Management Officer at the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Prior to joining the FAO, he worked as an independent consultant in water resource management, hydropower and agricultural engineering. For over 30 years, he has participated in agricultural and water resource management projects, efficient resource utilization and soil and water conservation. He has extensive work experience with international institutions such as UNICEF, FAO, IFAD, UNHCR and The World Bank, government technical cooperation agencies and international NGOs. He is fluent in French, English, Chinese and Kinyarwanda.
Jonathan Denison is an independent irrigation and agricultural water consultant, mainly for The World Bank and FAO. He has more than 20 years’ experience in water resource and agricultural development across Africa, focused on smallholder irrigation, catchment management and related rural livelihoods. He spent much of his early career in the field working on hydrology, large dam and related irrigation design and then on participatory research with smallholder farmers. After a few years in government and with NGOs, he worked for engineering and planning consulting companies in East Africa, Italy and South Africa, including as a company director. He holds an MSc in Renewable Energy and Development and a PhD in Irrigation Geography. He is also a chartered civil engineer.
Josiane Nikiema leads the Research Group on Water Pollution and Circular Economy at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Throughout her time at IWMI, which she joined in 2011, she has worked on and led several research activities, mostly in Africa and Asia, relating to domestic (sewered) wastewater treatment and reuse as well as recovery of nutrients and organic matter from fecal sludge and organic solid waste. The latter led to the development of fortified fertilizer pellets. She is also active in integrated urban water management and works on solutions for enhanced agricultural water security through the safe reuse of domestic (treated) wastewater for irrigation and aquaculture. Before IWMI, Josiane worked as an assistant professor at Université de Sherbrooke in Canada.
The African Unions’ (AU) framework on Irrigation Development and Agricultural Water Management (IDAWM) sets forth implementation pathways to guide Member States (MS) investments in agricultural water development, use and management. The framework was endorsed by the by the Specialized Technical Committee (STC) on Agriculture, Rural Development, Water and Environment (ARDWE) in 2019 and Noted by the AU’ Executive Council (EX.CL/1187(XXXVI)) in February 2020. The framework, succinctly, captured the various Decisions and Declarations on of AU Assembly on the need for increased investments in agricultural water management to accelerate African agricultural growth for improved livelihoods and shared prosperity.
Declining agricultural productivity, high food Import bill and increased episodes of hunger against the backdrop of high population growth and climatic variability have accentuated the need for Agriculture Water Management (AWM) to increase crop production and food security, mitigate climate-related shocks and stimulate economic growth through income generation in the African continent. Emerging evidences reveal a high demand and opportunities for the expansion and intensification of irrigation and other AWM practices across the continent. The IDAWM framework, as with all continental blueprints, acknowledges the sovereignty and sovereign equality of MS as duly enshrined in the Constitutive Act of the African Union. The implication of this is that MS have the right to decide on and adopt their own policies and sector development agenda. The AU’ IDAWM framework advocates for MS’ investments in the four pathways towards agricultural intensification to achieve the 2014 Malabo goals and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievement.
The four pathways (not mutually exclusive) proposed in IDAWM to accelerate sustainable agricultural intensification in the continent are:
Pathway1: Improved water control and watershed management under rain-fed farming
Pathway2: Farmer Led Irrigation Development (FLID) process
Pathway3: Irrigation Scheme development and modernization
Pathway4: Unconventional water use for irrigation (incl. waste water treatment, recycle and reuse)
A first step in the operationalizing the framework is the successful domestication and internalization of the framework. Internalization is expected to prioritize investments in irrigation and AWM projects as reflected in their incorporation into the official budget documents. Regional and national agricultural investment plans (RAIPs/NAIPs) are budgetary guidepost for mobilizing and directing investments (public and private) in agriculture at the regional and national levels respectively.
Increased water use efficiency for irrigation schemes and AWM good practices are important considerations in transitioning implementation for sustainable adaptation in the Continent. However, an understanding of the specific socio-economic, market, financial, institutional, technical and political environment as well as the design factors and farmers’ participation are critical sustainability factors. The similarities of these factors and the farmers’ characteristics in African small holders’ production systems offer a huge opportunity for experience sharing and the scalability of best practices.
There’s a misguided belief amongst some that climate change is “coming.” But, ask farmers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region who are witnessing more frequent droughts, and they will assure you that the change is well and truly here already.
Gender, intersectionality and social inclusion
It is critical to center gender and intersectional identities when unpacking migration phenomena. Gender as a social construct guides social norms and relations, including the decision-making processes and mechanisms leading to migration. We recognize that the intersections between race, age, class, sex, caste and region shape the migrant experience.
IWMI strives to offer transformative approaches and solutions for women, youth and marginalized groups, regarding them as equal partners in our work rather than passive end-users. For example, within communities that experience male out migration, socio-political systems are restructured to make women, youth and other groups active agents in their own agri-food transformation. Migration patterns contribute to the feminization of agriculture, and women may experience a greater burden of responsibility coupled with an increased ability to access and control resources and policies to build sustainable livelihoods. Acknowledging social complexities helps researchers and communities understand migration trends and address structural power imbalances to build a more equitable world.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Water, climate change and agrarian stress
Migration, water and climate stress are inextricably linked to rural development. Water stress and climate variability can act as a driver of fragility, intensifying pre-existing political, social, economic and environmental challenges. Initiatives designed to address migration-related challenges must tackle inequalities and the exclusion of women, youth and marginalized groups; governance opportunities to better manage water and natural resources and technology and innovations to help communities escape socio-ecological precarity and thrive despite climate challenges. IWMI intends to build climate resilience by implementing projects which tackle gender-power inequalities in the face of dynamic, economic-social-ecological challenges. Our work brings together affected communities, institutional stakeholders and social actors to manage water in response to climate variability and agrarian stress, striving to address complex physical and social variables.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Covid-19 disruption & adaptation
Covid-19 has caused a rupture in migration logistics and exposed inequities in the migration system, yet drivers of movement remain. Government lockdowns and closed borders due to the pandemic curtailed movement for migrants, posing complex problems for migrant hosting and origin countries. There have been significant economic shocks, with a sharp decline in unemployment for migrants and an inability to send money home through remittances to support family. Some migrants face social stigma for returning home without an income, particularly if families relied on loans to support their journeys. Consequences have been severe for informal migrants who lack government protection in their host countries. Migrants, particularly those living in crowded, lower-income neighborhoods, have been experiencing stigmatization related to the spread of Covid-19. We look at the impacts of Covid-19 on migration governance and rural areas across seven countries,development planning in Ghana, migration challenges in Southeast Asia, and community-based disaster management and resilience building in South Africa.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Urban & rural transformation
As agricultural opportunities fluctuate in rural areas, migration, particularly to urban areas, is an adaptation technique to secure incomes and alternative livelihoods. Income generated by migrants is often sent back to family as remittances to support communities at home. At IWMI, we assess linkages between rural and urban areas, as well as the role of agricultural knowledge systems and food and water security. We recognize there are complex push and pull factors such as individual aspirations, economic opportunity, social norms, climate variability and government policies which drive migration and affect rural communities, particularly youth. Our work follows a ‘positive migration’ philosophy, framing migration as an adaptation technique and socio-economic choice (in many cases) rather than a problem to be solved, and focuses on establishing safer, more regular migration by supporting changes to migration governance in sending regions.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Economics and equity
At IWMI, researching underlying economic and social trends helps us understand why people migrate. They also explain the impact of remittances and loss of agricultural labor, as well as consequences of migration on gender roles and food and water security. For instance, communities with higher levels of income inequality, or relative deprivation, may experience greater levels of out-migration compared to consistently low-income communities. In addition, migration changes intra-household gender-labor composition, which can change the access of smallholders to water resources, affecting the functioning of community-based institutions and consequently household and local food security. IWMI also focuses on circular economy, a strategy to recover and reuse waste, to boost food security and understand how interventions can encourage refugee and host communities to retain scarce resources.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Human capacity development and knowledge exchange
Scaling farmer-led irrigation requires strengthening human capacity and knowledge exchange among all actors and stakeholders involved. IWMI takes an action research approach, working with national and international research institutions, governments, extension agents and public and private organizations to co-develop the scaling ecosystem and strengthen capacity to drive scaling networks and collective action. We support the development of or reinforce national multi-stakeholder dialogues with the aim of sharing scaling experiences and realizing win-win collaboration, interactive learning and capacity development. Other modalities for capacity development include hackathons, innovation research grants for bachelor’s and master’s students, private sector scaling grants and innovation internships with private companies. These all serve to stimulate local and contextually relevant innovation, close the research-private sector divide and enhance job readiness among young professionals.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Financing ecosystem
A lack of affordable credit, particularly for women and resource-poor farmers, is one of the main barriers to expanding farmer-led irrigation in low- and middle-income countries. But credit alone is not enough. Financing for irrigation equipment must be embedded in a wider financing ecosystem that bundles credit with inputs and services, market information and access, and technology such as digital payment. In several countries, irrigation equipment suppliers are stepping in to provide financing directly to farmers. In doing so, they increase their own risk. To address this issue, IWMI works with farmers, private companies, finance institutions and development partners such as the World Bank Group to analyze whether credit-scoring tools are inclusive. We also help to identify gaps in the financing ecosystem and de-risk the private sector from testing innovative end-user financing mechanisms that take into account farming system typologies, financial and social capital and crop seasonality.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Adaptive scaling and partnerships
The ability of farmers to engage in or expand irrigation depends on the prevailing socioeconomic, ecological and political contexts, which are often complex, non-linear and changeable. Overcoming systemic barriers to farmer-led irrigation development while taking advantage of existing opportunities requires scaling processes to be adaptive. This means diverse actors feed off, adapt to, support, cooperate, compete and interact with each other, forming different multi-actor networks and engaging in collective action to undertake various functions in the scaling ecosystem. IWMI works with farmers and public and private sector partners to co-design and pilot contextually relevant innovation bundles and their scaling pathways or strategies, influence policies and accelerate the transition to scale of innovations with demonstrated early impact.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Environmental sustainability
Population pressure and increasing water competition in a changing climate require us to take stock of the availability and use of water across scales. Water availability not only influences farmers’ commercial prospects but also irrigation-related enterprises and agri-businesses. Greater water scarcity could jeopardize irrigation and agricultural markets while excessive water use can lead to declining ecosystems, water quality and soil health. IWMI advises development partners and the public and private sectors on all aspects of water resource availability and use through a variety of advanced modeling and remote-sensing products and tools, including Water Accounting+, solar irrigation mapping and internet of things. These are complemented by multi-criteria analysis to evaluate the potential of irrigation expansion, taking into consideration environmental flows. With our private sector partners, we are leveraging converging technologies, such as sensors on solar pumps that capture usage data, to encourage better resource management and governance.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Gender and social inclusion
The barriers facing women and men in accessing irrigation technologies are not the same. Neither are the benefits. Social, cultural and religious norms influence inter- and intra-household power relations. These, in turn, affect access to resources such as land, credit, information and training. IWMI carries out cross-dimensional analysis of gender and social inclusion in policy, financing, livelihood assets and access, institutional approaches and interventions as well as gender-based technology preferences. For example, we work with farmers, financial institutions and the private sector to address gender-based constraints in credit scoring and enhance women’s purchasing power. But benefitting from farmer-led irrigation does not stop at accessing and adopting technologies; enabling women and resource-poor farmers to participate in input and output markets is equally important to ensure that investments in irrigation result in improved nutrition and economic empowerment. Other ways we enhance gender and social inclusion include tackling agency issues around financial management and literacy, livelihood diversity and social capital as well as access to infrastructure, extension services and market linkages.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
Innovation bundles
Farmer-led irrigation development is about much more than installing a pump in a field. It requires access to financing, labor, energy, and input and output markets, so that investments in irrigation translate into sustainable returns. IWMI uses a systemic approach to understand the farming system as well as the factors in the enabling environment that prevent women, men and youth from engaging in and benefitting equitably from farmer-led irrigation. We partner with farmers and the public and private sectors to test contextually relevant innovation bundles that combine irrigation technology such as solar pumps with financing mechanisms like pay-as-you-own or pay-as-you-go, agricultural inputs and agronomic techniques. We also look at ways to improve on-farm water management and nutrient use efficiency and reduce evapotranspiration through digital advances and agricultural extension. We integrate the scaling of innovation bundles into agricultural value chains to enhance the impacts on farmers’ irrigation investments, incomes and livelihoods.
This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:
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