Both floods and droughts are the result of variable precipitation, resulting in periods with too much water and others with too little, both of which have hit the people of South Asia hard over the past few decades. Since 1990, the region has faced 50 major droughts, affecting over 750 million people with economic damages estimated at 7 billion USD. In 2022, the unprecedented floods in Pakistan submerged around one-third of the country, killing over 1,200 people, and displacing a further 33 million.
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