In the past decade, the Indian state of West Bengal implemented three significant policy reforms related to groundwater and electricity. These were: universal metering of electric-run agricultural tubewells , change in the groundwater law in 2011, and a provision of a capital cost subsidy for the electrification of pumps in 2012. Collectively, the three policy interventions removed barriers to electrification of agricultural wells and tubewells across the state. As a result, there was a threefold increase in the number of electric pumps from 86,776 in 2007 to 303,018 by 2018.
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