Business Models for Energy, Nutrient and Water Reuse in Low- and Middle-income Countries
Citation:
Otoo, M.; Drechsel, P. (Eds.) 2018. Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge – Earthscan. 816p.
Abstract
Humans generate millions of tons of waste every day. This waste is rich in water, nutrients, energy and organic compounds. Yet, waste is not being managed in a way that permits us to derive value from its reuse, while millions of farmers struggle with depleted soils and lack of water. This book shows how Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) could create livelihoods, enhance food security, support green economies, reduce waste and contribute to cost recovery in the sanitation chain.
While many RRR projects fully depend on subsidies and hardly survive their pilot phase, hopeful signs of viable approaches to RRR are emerging around the globe including low- and middle-income countries. These enterprises or projects are tapping into entrepreneurial initiatives and public-private partnerships, leveraging private capital to help realize commercial or social value, shifting the focus from treatment for waste disposal to treatment of waste as a valuable resource for safe reuse.
The book provides a compendium of business options for energy, nutrients and water recovery via 24 innovative business models based on an in-depth analysis of over 60 empirical cases, of which 47 from around the world are described and evaluated in a systematic way. The focus is on organic municipal, agro-industrial and food waste, including fecal sludge, supporting a diverse range of business models with potential for large-scale out- and up-scaling.
Download sections:
- Section – I: Business Models for Energy, Nutrient and Water Reuse in Low- and Middle-income Countries – (PDF 3.63MB)
- Business models for a circular economy: linking waste management and sanitation with agriculture – (PDF 1.34MB)
- Defining and analysing RRR business cases and models – (PDF 0.98MB)
- Section – II: Energy Recovery from Organic Waste – (PDF 10.3MB)
- Recovering energy from waste: an overview of presented business cases and models – (PDF 0.787MB)
- Briquettes from agro-waste (Kampala Jellitone Suppliers, Uganda) – Case Study – (PDF 1.36MB)
- Briquettes from agro waste – Business Model – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Briquettes from municipal solid waste (COOCEN, Kigali, Rwanda) – Case Study – (PDF 1.35MB)
- Briquettes from agro-waste and municipal solid waste (Eco-Fuel Africa, Uganda) – Case Study – (PDF 1.35MB)
- Briquettes from municipal solid waste – Business Model 2 – (PDF 0.97MB)
- Biogas from fecal sludge and kitchen waste at prisons – Case Study – (PDF 1.41MB)
- Biogas from fecal sludge at community scale (Sulabh, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.07MB)
- Biogas from fecal sludge at Kibera communities at Nairobi (Umande Trust, Kenya) – Case Study – (PDF 1.36MB)
- Biogas from fecal sludge at community level – Business Model 3 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Biogas from kitchen waste for internal consumption (Wipro Employees Canteen, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.06MB)
- Biogas from kitchen waste – Business Model – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Power manure and agro-waste for rural electrification (Santa Rosillo, Peru) – Case Study – (PDF 1.05MB)
- Power from swine manure for industry’s internal use (Sadia, Concordia, Brazil) – Case Study – (PDF 1.02MB)
- Power from manure and slaughterhouse waste for industry’s internal use (SuKarne, Mexico) – Case Study – (PDF 1.22MB)
- Power from manure – Business Model 5 – (PDF 1.03MB)
- Power from agro-waste for the grid (Greenko, Koppal, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.08MB)
- Power from rice husk for rural electrification (Bihar, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.07MB)
- Power from agro-waste – Business Model 6 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Power from municipal solid waste at Pune Municipal Corporation (Pune, Maharashtra, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.11MB)
- Power from municipal solid waste – Business Model 7 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Combined heat and power from bagasse (Mumias Sugar Company, Mumias District, Kenya) – Case Study – (PDF 1.45MB)
- Power from slaughterhouse waste (Nyongara Slaughter House, Kenya) – Case Study – (PDF 1.04MB)
- Combined heat and power and ethanol from sugar industry waste (SSSSK, Maharashtra, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.07MB)
- Combined heat and power from agro-industries wastewater (TBEC, Bangkok, Thailand) – Case Study – (PDF 1.01MB)
- Combined heat and power from agro-industrial waste for on-and off-site use – Business Model 8 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Bio-ethanol from cassava waste (ETAVEN, Carabobo, Venezuela) – Case Study – (PDF 1.00MB)
- Organic binder from alcohol production (Eco Biosis S.A., Veracruz, Mexico) – Case Study – (PDF 1.21MB)
- Bio-ethanol and chemical products from agro and agro-industrial waste – Business Model 9 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Section – III: Nutrient and Organic Matter Recovery – (PDF 8.28MB)
- Nutrient and organic matter recovery: an overview of presented business cases and models – (PDF 0.65MB)
- Municipal solid waste composting for cost recovery (Mbale Compost Plant, Uganda) – Case Study – (PDF 1.35MB)
- Public-private partnership-based municipal solid waste composting (Greenfield Crops, Sri Lanka) – Case Study – (PDF 0.98MB)
- Fecal sludge and municipal solid waste composting for cost recovery (Balangoda, Compost Plant, Sri Lanka) – Case Study – (PDF 1.04MB)
- Partially subsidized composting at district level – Business Model 10 – (PDF 0.95MB)
- Cooperative model for financially sustainable municipal solid waste composting (NAWACOM, Kenya) – Case Study – (PDF 1.31MB)
- Subsidy-free community-based composting – Business Model 11 – (PDF 0.95MB)
- Inclusive, public-private partnership-based municipal solid waste composting for profit (A2Z Infrastructure Limited, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.05MB)
- Municipal solid waste composting with carbon credits for profit (IL&FS, Okhla, India) – Case Study – (PDF 0.97MB)
- Partnership-driven municipal solid waste composting at scale (KCDC, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.03MB)
- Franchising approach to municipal solid waste composting for profit (Terra Firma, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.14MB)
- Socially-driven municipal solid waste composting for profit (Waste Concern, Bangladesh) – Case Study – (PDF 1.05MB)
- Large-scale composting for revenue generation – Business Model 12 – (PDF 1.14MB)
- Agricultural waste to high quality compost (DuduTech, Kenya) – Case Study – (PDF 1.29MB)
- Enriched compost production from sugar industry waste (PASIC, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.01MB)
- Livestock waste for compost production (ProBio/Viohache Mexico) – Case Study – (PDF 1.13MB)
- Nutrient recovery from own agro-industrial waste – Business Model 13 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Fecal sludge to nutrient-rich compost from public toilets (Rwanda Environment Care, Rwanda) – Case Study – (PDF 1.31MB)
- Compost production for sustainable sanitation service delivery – Business Model 14 – (PDF 1.00MB)
- Fecal sludge for on-farm use (Bangalore Honey Suckers, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.03MB)
- Outsourcing fecal sludge treatment to the farm – Business Model 15 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Urine and fecal matter collection for reuse (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) – Case Study – (PDF 1.30MB)
- Phosphorus recovery from wastewater at scale – Business Model 16 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Section – IV: Wastewater for Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture – (PDF 6.98MB)
- Wastewater for agriculture, forestry and aquaculture: an overview of presented business cases and models – (PDF 0.70MB)
- Wastewater for fruit and wood production (Egypt) – Case Study – (PDF 1.20MB)
- Wastewater and biosolids for fruit trees (Tunisia) – Case Study – (PDF 1.36MB)
- Suburban wastewater treatment designed for reuse and replication (Morocco) – Case Study – (PDF 0.98MB)
- Wastewater for greening the desert – Business Models 17 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Wastewater for the production of fish feed (Bangladesh) – Case Study – (PDF 1.02MB)
- A public-private partnership linking wastewater treatment and aquaculture (Ghana) – Case Study – (PDF 1.41MB)
- Leapfrogging the value chain through aquaculture – Business Model 18 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Viability gap funding (As Samra, Jordan) – Case Study – (PDF 1.18MB)
- Enabling private sector investment in large scale wastewater treatment – Business Models 19 – (PDF 0.80MB)
- Fixed wastewater-freshwater swap (Mashhad Plain, Iran) – Case Study – (PDF 1.12MB)
- Flexible wastewater-freshwater swap (Llobregat delta, Spain) – Case Study – (PDF 1.16MB)
- Inter-sectoral water exchange – Business Model 20 – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Growing opportunities for Mexico city to tap into the Tula aquifer (Mexico) – Case Study – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Revival of Amani Doddakere tank (Bangalore, India) – Case Study – (PDF 1.04MB)
- Cities as their own downstream user (Towards managed aquifer recharge) – Case Study – (PDF 0.90MB)
- Corporate social responsibility (CSR) as driver of change – Business Model 22 – (PDF 1.05MB)
- Wastewater as a commodity driving change – Business Model 23 – (PDF 1.16MB)
- Farmers’ innovation capacity as driver of change – Business Model 24 – (PDF 1.51MB)
- Section – V: Enabling Environment and Financing – (PDF 1.78MB)
- The enabling environment and finance of resource recovery and reuse – (PDF 0.80MB)