Access to critical inputs that make groundwater use successful (land and water resources, knowledge, capacity, supply chains etc.) are not equally available throughout the region and to different social groups. This proposed research will unpack the equity and inclusion dimensions of groundwater use and show how this varies depending on context specificity, pertaining to farm households? different characteristics, and their access to water and other resources. In particular, we will look at internal and intra household(s) decision making processes, how the latter is shaped by different members of the household, and their (in)formal relationships (e.g. tenancy arrangements, farm labourers, off-farm employment) between various households. A key element of the research is to identify potential spaces for engagement, where the agency of target groups can be envisaged and strengthened