IWMI in collaboration with World Fish will investigate: i) sources and loads of antimicrobial compounds (ACs), antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibacterial resistant genes (ARGs) to water systems connected to human, aquaculture, and agriculture activities; ii) decay, dilution and transport of these compounds in water; iii) the associated exposure and risk to human, aquaculture, agriculture and ecosystem health and productivity; iv) options to prevent water pollution and mitigate risks (beyond a more rational use of antibiotics), as well as their costs and effectiveness.