Water, Land and Ecosystems - Mozambique

Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard: performance and lessons. Mozambique

Anonymous — Wed, 07 Jul 2021 11:37:09 +0000

TypeBrief

Languageen

Authors

Vilissa, D.
Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso
Matchaya, Greenwell
Wilson, D.
Greffiths, Ikhothatseng
Fakudze, Bhekiwe

This brief highlights Mozambique’s performance in the second BR and assesses challenges faced and lessons learned by the country during the review. The brief also reviews policy and programmatic changes in Mozambique that can be attributed to the first (2017) and second BRs. It concludes by highlighting required policy actions for Mozambique to implement to meet the Malabo Commitments by 2025.

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Vilissa, D.; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Matchaya, Greenwell; Wilson, D.; Greffiths, Ikhothatseng; Fakudze, Bhekiwe. 2021. Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard: performance and lessons. Mozambique. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA); Kigali, Rwanda: AKADEMIYA2063. 10p. (2019 Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Biennial Review Brief)

Accessibility

Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/113838

Faecal sludge management in Africa: socioeconomic aspects and human and environmental health implications

Anonymous — Fri, 02 Jul 2021 11:35:41 +0000

Regions

Southern Africa

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

United Nations Environment Programme
International Water Management Institute

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United Nations Environment Programme; International Water Management Institute. 2020. Faecal sludge management in Africa: socioeconomic aspects and human and environmental health implications. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 64p.

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Rural-Urban Linkages

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/113608

Groundwater availability and use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of 15 countries

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Southern Africa

TypeBook

Languageen

Authors

Pavelic, Paul
Giordano, Mark
Keraita, Bernard N.
Ramesh, Vidya
Rao, Tamma

Traditionally, the spread and extent of human settlement beyond the major riparian zones of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and across many other arid regions of the world, has been determined by availability of groundwater supplies, accessed through hand-dug wells andsprings. In more recent times, groundwater is the preferred means of supplying water to meet the growing demand of the rural, dispersed communities and the small urban towns across SSA. It is estimated that about 100 million of the rural population throughout SSA areserviced by groundwater for domestic supplies and livestock rearing (Adelana and MacDonald, 2008), with most of the villages and small towns having access to groundwater supplies (Masiyandima and Giordano, 2007).

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Citation

Pavelic P, Giordano M, Keraita B, Ramesh V, Rao T, eds. 2012. Groundwater availability and use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of 15 countries. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/33844

Soyabean response to rhizobium inoculation across sub-Saharan Africa: Patterns of variation and the role of promiscuity

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Middle Africa
Southern Africa

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Heerwaarden, Joost van
Baijukya, Frederick P.
Kyei-Boahen, S.
Adjei-Nsiah, Samuel
Ebanyat, Peter
Kamai, N.
Woldemeskel, Endalkachew
Kanampiu, F.K.
Vanlauwe, Bernard
Giller, Ken E.

Improving bacterial nitrogen fixation in grain legumes is central to sustainable intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. In the case of soyabean, two main approaches have been pursued: first, promiscuous varieties were developed to form effective symbiosis with locally abundant nitrogen fixing bacteria. Second, inoculation with elite bacterial strains is being promoted. Analyses of the success of these approaches in tropical smallholder systems are scarce. It is unclear how current promiscuous and non-promiscuous soyabean varieties perform in inoculated and uninoculated fields, and the extent of variation in inoculation response across regions and environmental conditions remains to be determined. We present an analysis of on-farm yields and inoculation responses across ten countries in Sub Saharan Africa, including both promiscuous and non-promiscuous varieties. By combining data from a core set of replicated on-farm trials with that from a large number of farmer-managed try-outs, we study the potential for inoculation to increase yields in both variety types and evaluate the magnitude and variability of response. Average yields were estimated to be 1343 and 1227 kg/ha with and without inoculation respectively. Inoculation response varied widely between trials and locations, with no clear spatial patterns at larger scales and without evidence that this variation could be explained by yield constraints or environmental conditions. On average, specific varieties had similar uninoculated yields, while responding more strongly to inoculation. Side-by side comparisons revealed that stronger responses were observed at sites where promiscuous varieties had superior uninoculated yields, suggesting the availability of compatible, effective bacteria as a yield limiting factor and as a determinant of the magnitude of inoculation response.

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Citation

van Heerwaarden, J., Baijukya, F., Kyei-Boahen, S., Adjei-Nsiah, S., Ebanyat, P., Kamai, N., ... & Giller, K. (2018). Soyabean response to rhizobium inoculation across sub-Saharan Africa: patterns of variation and the role of promiscuity. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 261, 211-218.

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/88072

The politics of IWRM in southern Africa

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Southern Africa

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Mehta, L.
Alba, R.
Bolding, A.
Denby, K.
Derman, A.
Hove, T.
Manzungu, Emmanuel
Movik, S.
Prabhakaran, P.
Koppen, Barbara C.M. van

This article offers an approach to the study of the evolution, spread and uptake of integrated water resources management (IWRM). Specifically, it looks at the flow of IWRM as an idea in international and national fora, its translation and adoption into national contexts, and the on-the-ground practices of IWRM. Research carried out in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique provides empirical insights into the politics of IWRM implementation in southern Africa, the interface between international and national interests in shaping water policies in specific country contexts, and the on-theground challenges of addressing equity, redress and the reallocation of water.

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Mehta, L.; Alba, R.; Bolding, A.; Denby, K.; Derman, A.; Hove, T.; Manzungu, E.; Movik, S.; Prabhakaran, P.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2014. The politics of IWRM in southern Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 30(3):528-542. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2014.916200

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/77501

Climate Change Impacts on Water Availability and Use in the Limpopo River Basin

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Southern Africa

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Modelling and spatial analysis
Hydrology/hydrogeology
Climate change
Impact
River basins
Irrigation

Languageen

Authors

Zhu, T.
Ringler, Claudia

This paper analyzes the effects of climate change on water availability and use in the Limpopo River Basin of Southern Africa, using a linked modeling system consisting of a semi-distributed global hydrological model and the Water Simulation Module (WSM) of the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT). Although the WSM simulates all major water use sectors, the focus of this study is to evaluate the implications of climate change on irrigation water supply in the catchments of the Limpopo River Basin within the four riparian countries: Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. The analysis found that water resources of the Limpopo River Basin are already stressed under today�s climate conditions. Projected water infrastructure and management interventions are expected to improve the situation by 2050 if current climate conditions continue into the future. However, under the climate change scenarios studied here, water supply availability is expected to worsen considerably by 2050. Assessing hydrological impacts of climate change is crucial given that expansion of irrigated areas has been postulated as a key adaptation strategy for Sub-Saharan Africa. Such expansion will need to take into account future changes in water availability in African river basins.

Citation

Zhu, T. and C. Ringler. 2012. Climate Change Impacts on Water Availability and Use in the Limpopo River Basin. Water 4(1): 63-84.

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/34687

Solutions

Irrigation and crop diversification in the 25 de Setembro irrigation scheme, Mozambique

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Irrigation
Smallholders

Languageen

Authors

Sousa, Wilson, de
Ducrot, Raphaelle
Munguambe, Paiva
Bjornlund, Henning
Machava, Andre
Cheveia, Etevaldo
Faduco, Joaquim

Crop diversification is one way of improving the profitability of small-scale irrigation schemes. The 25 de Setembro scheme is an ideal site to analyze diversification, as it is influenced by the markets in Maputo and South Africa. This study uses information gathered from observations, discussions with irrigators and an irrigator survey. Results identified seven irrigator types with different crop diversification strategies predominantly influenced by resource constraints. Most irrigators produce traditional crops, although there are opportunities for growing crops that are more profitable. Improved extension services, to identify cropping strategies that better align with market demand, would improve profitability.

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Wilson de Sousa, Raphaelle Ducrot, Paiva Munguambe, Henning Bjornlund, Andre Machava, Etevaldo Cheveia & Joaquim Faduco (2017) Irrigation and crop diversification in the 25 de Setembro irrigation scheme, Mozambique, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33:5, 705-724, DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2016.1262246

Accessibility

Limited Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/96914

Solutions

A novel approach to estimate direct and indirect water withdrawals from satellite measurements: a case study from the Incomati basin

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Southern Africa

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Eekelen, M.W. van
Bastiaanssen, Wim G.M.
Jarmain, C.
Jackson, B.
Ferreira, F.
Zaag, P. van der
Okello, A.S.
Bosch, J.
Dye, P.
Bastidas-Obando, E.
Dost, R.J.J.
Luxemburg, W.M.J.

The Incomati basin encompasses parts of South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique, and is a water stressed basin. Equitable allocation of water is crucial to sustain livelihoods and agro-ecosystems, and to sustain international agreements. As compliance monitoring of water distribution by flow meters is laborious, expensive and only partially feasible, a novel approach has been developed to estimate water withdrawals using satellite measurements. Direct withdrawals include pumping from rivers, impoundments and groundwater, for irrigation and other human uses. Indirect withdrawals include evaporation processes from groundwater storage, unconfined shallow aquifers, seepage zones, lakes and reservoirs, and inundations, in addition to evaporation from pristine land surface conditions. Indirect withdrawals intercept lateral flow of water and reduce downstream flow. An innovative approach has been developed that employs three main spatial data layers inferred from satellite measurements: land use, rainfall, and evaporation. The evaporation/rainfall ratio was computed for all natural land use classes and used to distinguish between evaporation from rainfall and incremental evaporation caused by water withdrawals. The remote sensing measurements were validated against measured evaporative flux, stream flow pumping volume, and stream flow reductions. Afforested areas in the whole basin was responsible for an indirect withdrawal of 1241 Mm3/yr during an average rainfall year while the tripartite agreement among the riparian countries specifies a permitted total withdrawal of 546 Mm3/yr. However, the irrigation sector is responsible for direct withdrawals of 555 Mm3/yr only while their allocated share is 1327 Mm3/yr – the long term total withdrawals are thus in line with the tripartite agreement. South Africa withdraws 1504 Mm3/yr while their share is 1261 Mm3/yr. The unmetered stream flow reduction from the afforested areas in South Africa represents the big uncertainty factor. The methodology described using remotely sensed measurements to estimate direct and indirect withdrawals has the potential to be applied more widely to water stressed basins having limited availability of field data.

Citation

van Eekelen, M. W.; Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M.; Jarmain, C.; Jackson, B.; Ferreira, F.; van der Zaag, P.; Okello, A. S.; Bosch, J.; Dye, P.; Bastidas-Obando, E.; Dost, R. J. J.; Luxemburg, W. M. J. 2015. A novel approach to estimate direct and indirect water withdrawals from satellite measurements: a case study from the Incomati basin. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 200:126-142. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.023

Accessibility

Open Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/77514

The Chinyanja triangle in the Zambezi River Basin, southern Africa: status of, and prospects for, agriculture, natural resources management and rural development

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Southern Africa

TypeBook

Languageen

Authors

Amede, Tilahun
Desta, Lulseged Tamene
Harris, D.
Kizito, Fred
Xueliang Cai

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Citation

Amede, T.; Desta, L. T.; Harris, D.; Kizito, F.; Cai, Xueliang. 2014. The Chinyanja triangle in the Zambezi River Basin, southern Africa: status of, and prospects for, agriculture, natural resources management and rural development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 32p. (WLE Research for Development (R4D) Learning Series 1) doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2014.205

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Land and Water Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/65255

Zambezi river basin

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeBook Chapter

Languageen

Authors

McCartney, Matthew P.
Beilfuss, R.
Rebelo, Lisa-Maria

Citation

McCartney, Mathew; Beilfuss, R.; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria. 2017. Zambezi river basin. In Finlayson, C. M.; Everard, M.; Irvine, K. McInnes, R.; Middleton, B.; van Dam, A.; Davidson, N. C. (Eds.). The Wetland book I: structure and function, management and methods. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.1243-1250.

Accessibility

Limited Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/96994