Water, Land and Ecosystems - Egypt

Climate-resilience policies and investments for Egypt’s agriculture sector: Sustaining productivity and food security

Anonymous — Tue, 28 Dec 2021 12:40:10 +0000

TypeReport

Subjects

Agricultural production
Climate change
Food Security
Policy
Resilience

Languageen

Authors

Perez, Nicostrato D.
Kassim, Yumna
Ringler, Claudia
Thomas, Timothy S.
ElDidi, Hagar
BreYesnger, Clemens

The importance of a resilient agriculture sector in providing food security, livelihoods, and household income was highlighted in many countries by the recent pandemic, as was the capacity of the sector to cushion the negative impacts of the subsequent economic slowdown. This has been the case in Egypt, where agriculture has been resilient to the health crisis in comparison with the service and industry sectors (Breisinger et al. 2020). However, the sector’s resiliency is gradually being corroded by climate change, with lasting, harmful effects for agriculture and food systems.

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Perez, Nicostrato D.; Kassim, Yumna; Ringler, Claudia; Thomas, Timothy S.; ElDidi, Hagar; BreYesnger, Clemens. 2021. Climate-resilience policies and investments for Egypt’s agriculture sector: Sustaining productivity and food security. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294189

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/117248

Solutions

Circular economy

Anonymous — Wed, 08 Dec 2021 12:38:51 +0000

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

Cofie, Olufunke O.
Nikiema, Josiane

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Cofie, Olufunke; Nikiema, Josiane. 2020. Circular economy. In African Development Bank (AfDB); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); GRID-Arendal. Sanitation and wastewater atlas of Africa. Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: African Development Bank (AfDB); Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Arendal, Norway: GRID-Arendal. pp.127-145.

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Rural-Urban Linkages

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111444

Unpacking wastewater reuse arrangements through a new framework: insights from the analysis of Egypt

Anonymous — Wed, 07 Jul 2021 11:37:09 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Tawfik, Mohamed Hassan
Hoogesteger, J.
Elmahdi, Amgad
Hellegers, Petra J.G.J.

Wastewater reuse is identified as strategic to help ameliorate scarcity in water-stressed regions around the world. However, to develop it, there is a need to better understand the social, institutional and technological contexts in which it takes place. This article develops a novel socio-technical framework to inform such an analysis and applies it to current wastewater reuse in Egypt. Our analysis highlights the different actors, management activities and practices that shape wastewater collection, transfer, treatment, discharge and/or reuse in different social, technological and environmental contexts in Egypt. It points out bottlenecks of current wastewater reuse policies and programmes.

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Tawfik, Mohamed Hassan; Hoogesteger, J.; Elmahdi, Amgad; Hellegers, P. 2021. Unpacking wastewater reuse arrangements through a new framework: insights from the analysis of Egypt. Water International, 46(4):605-625. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2021.1921503]

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Rural-Urban Linkages

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/114149

Research guide for water-energy-food nexus analysis

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeOther

Subjects

Energy
Food systems

Languageen

Authors

Ringler, Claudia
Mondal, Md. Hossain Alam
Paulos, Helen Berga
Mirzabaev, Alisher
Breisinger, Clemens
Wiebelt, Manfred
Siddig, Khalid
Villamor, Grace
Zhu, Tingju
Bryan, Elisabeth

The project titled “The Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Global, Basin and Local Case Studies of Resource Use Efficiency under Growing Natural Resource Scarcity“ (2015-2018), which was supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany, and was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems. The project set out to develop research methodologies and insights globally as well as for the Eastern Nile Technical Regional Organization (ENTRO) of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) and Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan to support efforts for enhanced water, energy and food security and environmental sustainability. The toolkit describes both qualitative and quantitative methods that have been used in the research project. It is not meant to be an exhaustive list of information and tools related to the analysis of the water, energy and food (WEF) nexus. The overall focus of the tools has been on economic analysis of the linkages across water, energy and food--to complement other studies and method developments that focus on biophysical linkages across the WEF nexus. The toolkit is aimed, primarily, at researchers interested in the analysis of the water, energy and food nexus. However, the studies summarized here also provide insights for practitioners implementing Nexus projects.

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Ringler, Claudia; Mondal, Md. Hossain Alam; Paulos, Helen Berga; Mirzabaev, Alisher; Breisinger, Clemens; Wiebelt, Manfred; Siddig, Khalid; Villamor, Grace; Zhu, Tingju; and Bryan, Elizabeth. 2018. Research guide for water-energy-food nexus analysis. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15738coll2/id/132991

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/101505

Solutions

Trade-offs and synergies

Long-Term Optimization of Egypt's Power Sector: Policy Implications

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Energy
Policy

Languageen

Authors

Mondal, A.H.
Ringler, Claudia
Al-Riffai, P.
Eldidi, H.
Breisinger, C.
Wiebelt, M.

This paper presents an evaluation of energy supply strategies for Egypt’s power sector and identifies prospects to meet rising electricity demand while addressing energy security and low-carbon development issues. We apply the TIMES energy system model to examine Egypt’s energy policy goals as reflected in Egypt’s Vision 2030, and specifically: (a) targeted power generation based on renewable energy under two different scenarios; (b) targeted carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions’ mitigation toward low-carbon society development; and (c) constraints on natural gas production for power generation. The quantitative results from the model suggest a need for diversification from predominantly natural gas to a mix of renewable and conventional energy sources in order to improve energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, with the level of diversification changing with different policy options. Although total energy system cost is projected to increase the effects on fossil-fuel dependency, diversity of energy supply-mix, marginal electricity generation price, and GHG mitigation indicate that it may be wise to target promotion of renewable energy for power generation and develop a low-carbon society.

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Citation

Mondal, A.H.; Ringler, C.; Al-Riffai,P. ; Eldidi, H.; Breisinger, C.; Wiebelt, M. 2019. Long-Term Optimization of Egypt's Power Sector: Policy Implications. Energy. 166(1): 1063-1073.

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/101554

Solutions

Trade-offs and synergies

Managed aquifer recharge in Africa: taking stock and looking forward

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Ebrahim, Girma Yimer
Lautze, Jonathan F.
Villholth, Karen G.

Climatic variability and change result in unreliable and uncertain water availability and contribute to water insecurity in Africa, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and where water storage infrastructure is limited. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR), which comprises purposeful recharge and storage of surface runoff and treated wastewater in aquifers, serves various purposes, of which a prominent one is to provide a means to mitigate adverse impact of climate variability. Despite clear scope for this technology in Africa, the prevalence and range of MAR experiences in Africa have not been extensively examined. The objective of this article is provide an overview of MAR progress in Africa and to inform the potential for future use of this approach in the continent. Information on MAR from 52 cases in Africa listed in the Global MAR Portal and collated from relevant literature was analyzed. Cases were classified according to 13 key characteristics including objective of the MAR project, technology applied, biophysical conditions, and technical and management challenges. Results of the review indicate that: (i) the extent of MAR practice in Africa is relatively limited, (ii) the main objective of MAR in Africa is to secure and augment water supply and balance variability in supply and demand, (iii) the surface spreading/infiltration method is the most common MAR method, (iv) surface water is the main water source for MAR, and (v) the total annual recharge volume is about 158 Mm3 /year. MAR schemes exist in both urban and rural Africa, which exemplify the advancement of MAR implementation as well as its out scaling potential. Further, MAR schemes are most commonly found in areas of high inter-annual variability in water availability. If properly planned, implemented, managed, maintained and adapted to local conditions, MAR has large potential in securing water and increasing resilience in Africa. Ultimately, realizing the full potential of MAR in Africa will require undertaking hydrogeological and hydrological studies to determine feasibility of MAR, especially in geographic regions of high inter-annual climate variability and growing water demand. This, supported by increased research to gauge success of existing MAR projects and to address challenges, would help with future siting, design and implementation of MAR in Africa.

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Ebrahim, Girma Y.; Lautze, Jonathan F.; Villholth, Karen G. 2020. Managed aquifer recharge in Africa: taking stock and looking forward. Water, 12(7):1844. (Special issue: Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience) [doi: 10.3390/w12071844]

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Open Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108829

Understanding farmers’ adaptation to water scarcity: a case study from the western Nile Delta, Egypt

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

Ghazouani, Wafa
Molle, Francois
Swelam, A.
Rap, Edwin
Abdo, A.

This study was undertaken to analyze farmers’ adaption to water scarcity in the command area of a secondary canal in the Nile Delta of Egypt. The results revealed that farmers’ responses were driven by a multiplicity of factors, beyond water scarcity or profit maximization. These additional factors include food security of the family, risk management, social capital and history of farmers, and most unexpectedly the collective dimension of crop choice. The findings of this study expose the limitations of projects, modeling exercises or policy recommendations that are too often based on the oversimplified view of profit maximization as the basis of farming system dynamics.

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Ghazouani, Wafa [IWMI]; Molle, Francois [IWMI]; Swelam, A.; Rap, Edwin [IWMI]; Abdo, A. [NARS]; 2014. Understanding farmers’ adaptation to water scarcity: a case study from the western Nile Delta, Egypt. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 31p. (IWMI Research Report 160) 10.5337/2015.200

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Open Access

Research Themes

Land and Water Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/65357

What do we require from water biotechnologies in Africa?

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Weissenbacher, N.
Nikiema, Josiane
Garfi, M.
Figoli, A.

When discussing water and sanitation issues, technology is often seen as the key element by many stakeholders. Within a multinational project, the opportunity was taken to analyse the experiences with the existing water infrastructure to look behind this assumption and - if not working satisfactory - to identify the key requirements that obviously have not been met. Following this, it should be possible to prepare a set of requirements to learn from this. A three stage questionnaire for different stakeholder level (authorities, operators and end users) has been launched in Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Senegal and Tunisia. Some main obstacles towards sustainable biological wastewater treatment could then be identified. The reader expecting specific technical suggestions might be disappointed but the key messages that are relevant for all the different conditions of the four North African and the three Sub Saharan countries are presented. The given requirements tackle issues that are unfortunately not only of technical nature and are (almost) all linked to each other.

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Weissenbacher, N.; Nikiema, Josiane; Garfi, M.; Figoli, A. 2013. What do we require from water biotechnologies in Africa? Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 14(January):35-40. (Selected contributions from the 1st WATERBIOTECH conference, Cairo, Egypt, 9-11 October 2012).

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Rural-Urban Linkages

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/40211

Wastewater treatment practices in Africa - experiences from seven countries

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Nikiema, Josiane
Figoli, A.
Weissenbacher, N.
Langergraber, G.
Marrot, B.
Moulin, P.

In this paper, existing wastewater treatment practices in 7 African countries, i.e. Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Senegal and Tunisia, are reported. Data were collected by questioning wastewater treatment plants managers as well as treated wastewater users in 2012. This study showed that 0.2 to 63 L/d/person of wastewater are treated in these countries, with the higher levels obtained for North Africa. Technically, treatment plants (mostly activated sludge and waste stabilization ponds) deal with high organic loads, uncontrolled input, power cuts and increasing wastewater flow rates. Poor operation and maintenance (O&M), in part caused by the lack of funds, high energy costs and lack of re-investments, is also a serious reported issue. Consequently, treatment plants often deliver insufficient effluent quality, which negatively affects the environment and acceptability of stakeholders towards the treated water. Other challenges, such as water availability, long-term impacts, financial and social constraints, affecting the reuse, are also discussed.

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Nikiema, Josiane; Figoli, A.; Weissenbacher, N.; Langergraber, G.; Marrot, B.; Moulin, P. 2013. Wastewater treatment practices in Africa - experiences from seven countries. Sustainable Sanitation Practice, 14(January):26-34. (Selected contributions from the 1st

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/40210

Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeBook

Languageen

Authors

Otoo, Miriam
Drechsel, Pay

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Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay. (Eds.) 2018. Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 816p.

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/93011