Water, Land and Ecosystems - Peru

Hacia una cadena de palma aceitera, que contribuya a la conservación de bosques y reducción de gases de efecto invernadero en la región Ucayali

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeReport

Languagees

Authors

Ivanova, Yovita
Tristán Febres, María Claudia
Romero, Miguel
Charry, Andrés
Lema, Sebastián
Choy, José Sánchez
Vélez Betancourt, Andrés Felipe
Castro Nuñez, Augusto
Quintero, Marcela

El informe “Hacia una cadena de palma aceitera que contribuya a la conservación de bosques y la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero: Estado actual, oportunidades con enfoque de cadena de valor y plan de acción” presenta un insumo para el desarrollo de una cadena de palma aceitera ambientalmente sostenible en la región Ucayali. El documento ha sido realizado bajo el marco del proyecto Sustainable Amazon Businesses (SAB), liderado por el CIAT como parte de la Alianza de Bioversity International y CIAT, en coordinación con MINAM y el MINAGRI del Perú, y en alianza con la consultora internacional Climate Focus (CF). Este proyecto hace parte de la Iniciativa Internacional del Clima (IKI), apoyada por el Ministerio Federal para el Ambiente, la Conservación de la Naturaleza y la Seguridad Nuclear de Alemania (BMU). El presente plan tiene el propósito de contribuir al esfuerzo del Gobierno Regional de Ucayali (GOREU) a reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) del sector agricultura, por el cambio de uso del suelo en la Amazonía peruana, de acuerdo con los compromisos internacionales del Gobierno Peruano para la mitigación del cambio climático. El documento presenta un innovador y novedoso plan para contribuir a la sostenibilidad ambiental de la cadena de valor de palma aceitera, elaborada desde la perspectiva de la conservación de los bosques y la recuperación de ecosistemas degradados y con soluciones aportadas por los actores de la cadena de valor. El plan contribuye a los esfuerzos del Gobierno Peruano de cumplir con las Contribuciones Nacionalmente Determinadas (CND) asumidas en la Conferencia de los Partes - COP21 y el acuerdo entre los Gobiernos de Noruega, Alemania y Perú – Declaración Conjunta de Intención (DCI) – dos compromisos que buscan la reducción de GEI. Asimismo, se busca favorecer la elaboración de planes, políticas y programas nacionales con vistas a lograr los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y la Agenda 2030, donde se reconoce que la agricultura y el cambio climático no pueden considerarse por separado, por lo tanto, se hace necesario un enfoque coherente e integrado de la sostenibilidad en los sectores de agricultura y de ambiente. El presente informe proporciona información de la cadena de palma aceitera lo más actualizada posible, y de gran utilidad para el gobierno nacional y regional, la industria, los productores, las organizaciones no gubernamentales y entidades de cooperación internacional, que actualmente trabajan por una cadena que contribuya al desarrollo sostenible de la agricultura en la Amazonía peruana. Para el desarrollo de este documento diseñado y acordado con los actores claves del sector, el proyecto ha firmado un convenio marco de cooperación con el Gobierno Regional de Ucayali (GOREU). A través de esta cooperación, se ha verificado la articulación de este documento con los instrumentos de desarrollo y ordenamiento territorial y productivos más relevantes de la región. Además, se espera que los elementos específicos de este documento contribuyan al alcance de los objetivos trazados en los principales instrumentos de gestión de la región de Ucayali y del cambio climático en el país, entre otros: el Plan de Desarrollo Regional Concertado (PDRC), la Estrategia Regional de Cambio Climático (ERCC) y la Estrategia de Desarrollo Rural Bajo en Emisiones (ERBE). En este sentido, a partir de este informe, el proyecto SAB pretende acompañar el diseño e implementación de un piloto de modelo de negocio en la cadena de palma aceitera, que materialice varios de los elementos de este informe, donde, a su vez, se aproveche las oportunidades emergentes financieras y de mercado para los productos libres de deforestación y bajos en emisiones de GEI. Se espera que este modelo de negocio y su conversión posterior en un modelo de inversión puedan servir para su replicación y escalamiento en la región y en el país; así mismo, contribuya con los referentes de modelos de negocio libres de deforestación a nivel internacional. Además, se espera que estos modelos sirvan como base para la generación de políticas públicas que aporten a la sostenibilidad del sector.

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Ivanova Y; Tristán M; Romero M; Charry A; Lema S; Choy J; Vélez A; Castro-Núñez; Quintero M. 2020. Hacia una cadena de palma aceitera que contribuya a la conservación de bosques y reducción de gases de efecto invernadero. Publicación CIAT No. 502. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Cali, Colombia. 73 p.

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/109750

Modeling seasonal water yield for landscape management: Applications in Peru and Myanmar

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Hamel, Perrine
Valencia, Jefferson
Schmitt, Rafael
Shrestha, Manish
Piman, Thanapon
Sharp, Richard P.
Francesconi, Wendy
Guswa, Andrew J.

Citation

Hamel, P.; Valencia, J.; Schmitt, R.; Shrestha, M.; Piman, T.; Sharp, RP.; Francesconi, W.; Guswa, AJ. (2020) Modeling seasonal water yield for landscape management: Applications in Peru and Myanmar. Journal of Environmental Management 270:110792 13 p. ISSN: 0301-4797

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Limited Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108444

Characterization of Peatland Soils from the High Andes through 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Soils
Ecosystems

Languageen

Authors

Segnini, A.
Souza, A.A. de
Novotny, E.H.
Milori, D.M.B.P.
Silva, W.T.L. da
Bonagamba, T.J.
Posadas, A.
Quiróz, R.

Whole soil samples from Peruvian bofedales (highland peatlands), located at an average altitude of 3881 m above sea level, were analyzed through 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C SSNMR) spectroscopy. The objective was to make a semi-quantitative characterization of the predominant organic chemical structures and to compare the organic matter from permanently and seasonally flooded peatlands soils as well as to characterize the changes throughout the soil profile using principal component analysis (PCA) of 13C-SSNMR spectra. Results indicated a relative accumulation of recalcitrant organic compounds as a function of depth that could be due to the constant input of fresh material to the soil surface. Notwithstanding, the results were different for each soil type. In seasonally flooded bofedales, the accumulated recalcitrant material was mainly composed of carboxylated aromatic moieties, whereas in permanently flooded bofedales, the accumulated material presented crystalline polymethylene, being the main difference the anoxic condition of permanently waterlogged soils. On the other hand, the degradable (labile) material was similar in both soils (i.e., mainly cellulose and partially oxidized cellulose). Another interesting feature was that the results seem to corroborate paleobotanical findings, pointing out to an ancient dominance of C4 taxa in Andean grasslands (deep layers in bofedales samples) whose lignin had more coumaryl alcohol at the expense of guaiacyl and syringyl units

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A. Segnini, A.A. de Souza, E.H. Novotny, D.M.B.P.Milori, W.T.L. da Silva, T.J. Bonagamba, A.Posadas and R.Quiroz. 2013. Characterization of Peatland Soils from the High Andes through 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 77(2):673-679.

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Limited Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/34636

Solutions

Soils

Intensification of tropical fallow-based agriculture: trading-off ecosystem services for economic gain in shifting cultivation landscapes?

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Wood, S.L.R.
Rhemtulla, Jeanine M.
Coomes, O.T.

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Wood, S.L.R.; Rhemtulla, J.M.; Coomes, O.T. (2016) Intensification of tropical fallow-based agriculture: trading-off ecosystem services for economic gain in shifting cultivation landscapes? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 215 p.47–56 ISSN:0167-8809

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Limited Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/69139

Land-use conflicts between biodiversity conservation and extractive industries in the Peruvian Andes

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Bax, Vincent
Francesconi, Wendy
Delgado, Alexi

The exceptional endemic species richness found in the Tropical Andes is being subjected to high rates of environmental degradation and natural resources exploitation. While many forms of land-cover change and other impacts on species are difficult to control through environmental regulations, governments usually determine how and where extractive industries can take place. This study examines potential conflict between the location of extractive industry activities and biodiversity conservation in the Peruvian Andes. Using geographic information systems, we carry out overlay analyses to determine the spatial congruence between mineral mining, hydrocarbon and logging concessions, on the one hand, and the distribution of protected areas and endemic vertebrate species on the other. The results show that regional protected areas extensively overlap with resource concessions. Furthermore, 16% of endemic species hotspots concur with current concessions, while the geographical distribution of 21 endemic vertebrate species overlap by more than 90% with concession areas. To reconcile conservation and economic development objectives in the future, the geographical distribution of biodiversity, and in particular of endemic species, needs to be considered in natural resources planning and land-use/management activities.

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Bax, Vicente; Francesconi, Wendy and Delgado, Alexi (2019). Land-use conflicts between biodiversity conservation and extractive industries in the Peruvian Andes. Journal of Environmental Management. 232 (15): 1028-1036

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99309

Trade-offs between food security and forest exploitation by mestizo households in Ucayali, Peruvian Amazon

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Andrieu, Nadine
Blundo Canto, Genowefa M.
Cruz García, Gisella S.

The Peruvian Amazon is undergoing rapid and uneven economic growth, alongside alarming rates of deforestation, increasing land use change and food security concerns. Although it has been widely acknowledged that food insecurity is intrinsically linked with deforestation, the links have not been thoroughly documented. The aim of this paper is to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between food security and forest exploitation at household level in mestizo communities in Ucayali, one of the regions with the highest deforestation rates in the Peruvian Amazon. To this end, 24 farmers were interviewed, surveys were conducted with a sample of 58 households, and an ad-hoc simulation modelling tool was developed and applied. Four main types of mestizo farming households were identified based on their crop and livestock diversity. For all farm types, the forest mainly represented a set aside area to support a potential increase in agricultural production. However, simulations showed that the different types of households, with different decision rules, lead to different rates of deforestation. The results of this study showed that the most diversified farming households presented the smallest trade-offs between food security and forest conservation, as they are the ones most likely to preserve the forest while ensuring their food security.

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Andrieu, Nadine; Blundo-Canto, Genowefa & Cruz-García, Gisella S.(2019). Trade-offs between food security and forest exploitation by mestizo households in Ucayali, Peruvian Amazon. Agricultural Systems, 173: 64-77

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99573

Aspectos economicos e institucionales en la reutilizacion de aguas y ejemplos en America Latina y el Caribe. In Spanish

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeBook Chapter

Languagees

Authors

Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
Qadir, Manzoor
Drechsel, Pay
Hanjra, Munir A.

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Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Qadir, M.; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, M. A. 2017. Aspectos economicos e institucionales en la reutilizacion de aguas y ejemplos en America Latina y el Caribe. In Spanish. [Economic and institutional aspects of water reuse and examples in Latin America and the Caribbean] In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier (Ed.). Reutilizacion de aguas para agricultura en America Latina y el Caribe: estado, principios y necesidades. Santiago, Chile: FAO. pp.43-55.

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92793

Mitigacion de riesgos en los sistemas de uso agricola de aguas residuales y ejemplos en America Latina y el Caribe. In Spanish

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeBook Chapter

Languagees

Authors

Keraita, B.
Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
Qadir, Manzoor
Medlicott, K.
Drechsel, Pay
Lamizana, B.

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Keraita, B.; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Qadir, M.; Medlicott, K.; Drechsel, Pay; Lamizana, B. 2017. Mitigacion de riesgos en los sistemas de uso agricola de aguas residuales y ejemplos en America Latina y el Caribe. In Spanish. [Risk mitigation in wastewater irrigation systems and examples in Latin America and the Caribbean] In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier (Ed.). Reutilizacion de aguas para agricultura en America Latina y el Caribe: estado, principios y necesidades. Santiago, Chile: FAO. pp.29-42.

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92794

Los beneficios de la reutilizacion de aguas y ejemplos en America Latina y el Caribe. In Spanish

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeBook Chapter

Languagees

Authors

Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
González, G.
Moscoso, J.

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Citation

Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Gonzalez, G.; Moscoso, J. 2017. Los beneficios de la reutilizacion de aguas y ejemplos en America Latina y el Caribe. In Spanish. [Benefits of water reuse and examples in Latin America and the Caribbean] In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier (Ed.). Reutilizacion de aguas para agricultura en America Latina y el Caribe: estado, principios y necesidades. Santiago, Chile: FAO. pp.21-27.

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92795

The politics of land use planning: gold mining in Cajamarca, Peru

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Jeronimo, R.P.
Rap, Edwin
Vos, J.

Ecological and Economic Zoning (EEZ) is a Land Use Planning (LUP) methodology that aims at defining separate areas for productive uses and conservation. EEZ is designed as a method that balances different interests and it devises land use policy through stakeholder participation, technical expertise and GIS modelling. The article presents the case study of EEZ in Cajamarca, Peru to analyse the LUP process in a situation of conflicting interests over future land and water use. Cajamarca is a department with rich gold deposits in the headwater catchment area upstream of the city of Cajamarca. During the last decade, rural communities and urban populations have continuously protested against the opening of new open pit mines, as they fear this will affect their water supply. Therefore, the EEZ process became part of a controversy between a powerful pro-mining coalition lead by the central government and a conservation coalition lead by the regional government. We conclude that in these circumstances, LUP cannot, technically or politically, accommodate the different values attributed to the headwater catchment.

Citation

Jeronimo, R. P.; Rap, Edwin; Vos, J. 2015. The politics of land use planning: gold mining in Cajamarca, Peru. Land Use Policy, 49:104-117. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.009

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Limited Access

Research Themes

Land and Water Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/77553