Water, Land and Ecosystems - China

Examining migration governance: evidence of rising insecurities due to COVID-19 in China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Murzakulova, A.
Dessalegn, Mengistu
Phalkey, N.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the context of global migration. From a migration perspective, the pandemic is a source of insecurities that challenge migrants, their livelihoods and migration governance. Meanwhile, curtailment in movement has led to economic decline affecting labour markets. For migrant origin and hosting countries, this poses multidimensional development challenges. Analysis from March to August 2020 of China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand highlights the varying ways in which they are all severely affected by the disruptions in migration, suggesting a potentially emerging complex situation in migration patterns and pathways. The disruptions in migration and remittances have had a profound impact on migrants and migrant-sending households. The uncertainty of migration returning to pre-pandemic levels and the potential of lasting consequences on migrants and migration patterns and pathways, suggests a future of greater risk and exploitation, and a wider gap between formal and informal migration. This paper calls for greater mobility cooperation between countries and suggests strengthening mobility migration frameworks and policies for safer migration and for the rights of migrants.

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Murzakulova, A.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Phalkey, N. 2021. Examining migration governance: evidence of rising insecurities due to COVID-19 in China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand. Comparative Migration Studies, 9:44. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00254-0]

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/115757

Global groundwater: source, scarcity, sustainability, security, and solutions

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeBook

Languageen

Authors

Mukherjee, A.
Scanlon, Bridget R.
Aureli, A.
Langan, Simon J.
Guo, H.
McKenzie, A. A.

Citation

Mukherjee, A.; Scanlon, B. R.; Aureli, A.; Langan, Simon; Guo, H.; McKenzie, A. A. (Eds.) 2021. Global groundwater: source, scarcity, sustainability, security, and solutions. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. 676p.

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Limited Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111566

Accelerating irrigation expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa: policy lessons from the global revolution in farmer-led smallholder irrigation

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

Shah, Tushaar
Namara, R.
Rajan, Abhishek

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Shah, Tushaar; Namara, R.; Rajan, Abhishek. 2020. Accelerating irrigation expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa: policy lessons from the global revolution in farmer-led smallholder irrigation. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 53p.

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Open Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/107949

Assessment of the resilience of a Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) cultivation system in Meigu, Southwest China

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Song, Yingjie
Jarvis, Devra I.
Bai, Keyu
Feng, Jinchao
Long, Chunlin

Recent socioeconomic development, increased transport and new agricultural technology are endangering the survival of traditional agriculture and the Yi people’s traditional knowledge of cultivating Tartary buckwheat. The cultural heritage of Tartary buckwheat cultivation among the Yi communities needs to be investigated and protected before its loss. The main objectives of this study are to document the Tartary buckwheat cultivation system, to analyze the agroecosystem networks that support the current system, and to measure the resilience of the ecological, agricultural and social systems using relevant indicators. The Tartary buckwheat cultivation system in Meigu County uses a rotation system, in which various crops are planted alternatively (e.g., Tartary buckwheat, green manure and potato/corn), utilizing bunch planting and furrow drilling technology. Tartary buckwheat has an important position in the major festival activities among the Yi people’s communities. Network analysis on the current agricultural system, ecosystem and social system indicated that the system was stable. The mean score of ecological, agricultural and social stability were 2.50, 2.85 and 2.53, respectively, indicating moderately stability. In contrast, socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) resilience indicators in Meigu performed only moderately, with a score of 2.63. The assessment of the resilience of the Tartary buckwheat cultivation system can provide some guidance for policy makers to strengthen biodiversity conservation, sustainable agricultural production and livelihood development (e.g., land use, responding to extreme environmental stresses and improving education levels).

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Song, Y.; Jarvis, D.I.; Bai, K.; Feng, J.; Long, C. (2020) Assessment of the resilience of a Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) cultivation system in Meigu, Southwest China. Sustainability 12(14): 5683. 12 p. ISSN: 2071-1050

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/109040

Assessment of the resilience in SEPLS (Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes) in Yanuo Village, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Yang, Yunhui
Bai, Keyu
Li, Guanhua
Jarvis, Devra I.
Long, Chunlin

Participatory ‘assessment workshops’ were held in 2018 in Yanuo Village, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. The ‘Indicators of Resilience in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS)’ tool was used to provide the community with a framework for discussion and analysis of socio-ecological processes essential for resilience. Workshops were planned and implemented by local people together with researchers from outside the community. Discussion, including a scoring process, was undertaken using a subset of twenty indicators designed to capture the communities’ perceptions of factors affecting the resilience of their landscapes. The indicators were also used to provide the local community with a framework to discuss both current conditions of resilience and potential areas for improvement. A key result was that the existing community management approach did not include loss of traditional knowledge as a factor that would impact on the livelihoods and well-being of the community. A mechanism to encourage young people to inherit and actively use traditional knowledge was agreed to be necessary and included in economic activities. In addition, the socio-economic infrastructure in the community needs further improvement. This community management assessment framework in Yanuo Village can be scaled out to other communities in tropical montane regions with similar socio-economic environments by supporting stakeholders (policymakers, NGOs and development agencies, etc.).

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Yang, Y.; Bai, K.; Li, G.; Jarvis, D.I.; Long, C. (2020) Assessment of the resilience in SEPLS (Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes) in Yanuo Village, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Sustainability 12: 3774 14 p. ISSN: 2071-1050

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108173

(Re)constructing state power and livelihoods through the Laos-China railway project

Anonymous — Wed, 07 Jul 2021 11:37:09 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Suhardiman, Diana
DiCarlo, J.
Keovilignavong, Oulavanh
Rigg, J.
Nicol, Alan

This paper examines the governance and implementation of land compensation for the Laos-China Railway (LCR). It brings to light the central government’s strategy to use compensation rules and procedures as its means to extend its spatial power across the provinces, districts, and villages that are affected by the railway construction. We examine both the manifestations and effects of state power through the formulation and implementation of land compensation procedures. Taking Naxang village in Chomphet district, Luang Prabang province, in Laos as a case, the paper highlights: 1) how centralized compensation rules and procedures serve as a means for the central government to expand its power; 2) how power relations between central-provincial-district governments (re)shaped the actual project implementation especially pertaining to compensation valuation and payment; and 3) implications for smallholder livelihood options and strategies.

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Suhardiman, Diana; DiCarlo, J.; Keovilignavong, Oulavanh; Rigg, J.; Nicol, Alan. 2021. (Re)constructing state power and livelihoods through the Laos-China railway project. Geoforum, 124:79-88. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.06.003]

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Limited Access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/113944

Transferability of a lumped hydrologic model, the Xin’anjiang model based on similarity in climate and geography

Anonymous — Fri, 09 Apr 2021 11:36:56 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Liu, Y.
Zhang, J.-y.
Elmahdi, Amgad
Yang, Q.-l.
Guan, X.-x.
Liu, C.-s.
He, R.-m.
Wang, G.-q.

Hydrological experiments are essential to understanding the hydrological cycles and promoting the development of hydrologic models. Model parameter transfers provide a new way of doing hydrological forecasts and simulations in ungauged catchments. To study the transferability of model parameters for hydrological modelling and the influence of parameter transfers on hydrological simulations, the Xin’anjiang model (XAJ model), which is a lumped hydrologic model based on a saturation excess mechanism that has been widely applied in different climate regions of the world, was applied to a low hilly catchment in eastern China, the Chengxi Experimental Watershed (CXEW). The suitability of the XAJ model was tested in the eastern branch catchment of CXEW and the calibrated model parameters of the eastern branch catchment were then transferred to the western branch catchment and the entire watershed of the CXEW. The results show that the XAJ model performs well for the calibrated eastern branch catchment at both daily and monthly scales on hydrological modelling with the NSEs over 0.6 and the REs less than 2.0%. Besides, the uncalibrated catchments of the western branch catchment and the entire watershed of the CSEW share similarities in climate (the precipitation) and geography (the soil texture and vegetation cover) with the calibrated catchment, the XAJ model and the transferred model parameters can capture the main features of the hydrological processes in both uncalibrated catchments (western catchments and the entire watershed). This transferability of the model is useful for a scarce data region to simulate the hydrological process and its forecasting.

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Liu, Y.; Zhang, J.-y.; Elmahdi, Amgad; Yang, Q.-l.; Guan, X.-x.; Liu, C.-s.; He, R.-m.; Wang, G.-q. 2021. Transferability of a lumped hydrologic model, the Xin’anjiang model based on similarity in climate and geography. Water Supply, 21(5):2191-2201. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.055]

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Open Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/113175

Hydro-energy cooperation in South Asia: prospects for transboundary energy and water security

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Apr 2021 11:34:59 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Saklani, U.
Shrestha, P. P.
Mukherji, Aditi
Scott, Christopher A.

The last decade has witnessed rapid progress in energy cooperation between the countries of the BBIN (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal) sub-region. Cooperation has been bilateral, with each of the countries entering into separate energy development and trade agreement with India, broadly similar to the water sector where national governments engage bilaterally on transboundary cooperation and dispute resolution. A more recent wave of electrical grid interconnections and hydro-energy cooperation has emerged with governments increasingly shifting from bilateral to multilateral energy-sharing agreements. This trend holds considerable potential for regional transboundary water governance. Based on documentary and media analysis along with interviews of key BBIN policy-makers, we identify and examine in this paper four factors for future progress: 1) technical cooperation can be extended to information-sharing for policies and institutions to regulate and manage water resources; 2) India must seize the opportunities and benefits of enhanced regional leadership in the region; 3) simultaneous informal discussion and diplomatic negotiation of water, energy and their nexus can provide BBIN countries the opportunity to highlight potential gains of cooperation and interstate interdependencies; and 4) regional cooperation can give a strong impetus to nations for advancing structural reforms, building institutions and capacity, developing a shared knowledge base, bridging infrastructural gaps, attracting private sector participation, and addressing poverty alleviation goals including job creation.

Citation

Saklani, U.; Shrestha, P. P.; Mukherji, Aditi; Scott, C. A. 2020. Hydro-energy cooperation in South Asia: prospects for transboundary energy and water security. Environmental Science and Policy, 114:22-34. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.07.013]

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Limited Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/109091

Partial root-zone drying irrigation and water utilization efficiency by the potato crop in semi-arid regions in China

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Water productivity
Irrigation
Agricultural production

Languageen

Authors

Kaiyun X.
Xiao-Xue W.
Ruofang Z.
Xiufeng G.
Shibiao Z.
Victor, Michael
Carla G.
Adolfo P.
Roberto Q.

Two field experiments were conducted in two semi-arid areas in northern China to test the response of three potato varieties to supplemental irrigation. Conventional furrow irrigation was compared to the partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation system at different watering levels, with and without plastic mulching. Reducing the supplementary water to one half, under both soil-climate conditions tested, did not affect fresh tuber yield; whereas water use efficiency (WUE) was equally incremented by all the reduced water treatments. When this reduction in the amount of supplementary water was managed through the PRD system, the distribution of moisture in the soil seemed to be improved and the potential evaporation was decreased due to the reduced evaporative surface exposed by PRD. The results showed that application of irrigation water per unit area can be reduced relative to common practice in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, maintaining the tuber yields currently obtained by local farmers. A further reduction in the amount of supplemental water, without a substantial decrease in yield, might be feasible with the PRD technique but this may require a more sophisticated irrigation management; and further research to estimate the cost-benefit ratio of such sophistication is needed. Results also showed that under low precipitation and low water retention capacity, the use of plastic mulching and a potato variety selected for drought-prone environments can make the difference for maintaining a high yield while reducing the wasteful use of the water resources.

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Kaiyun Xie, Xiao-Xue Wang, Ruofang Zhang, Xiufeng Gong, Shibiao Zhang, Victor Mares, Carla Gavilin, Adolfo Posadas, and Roberto Quiroz . 2012. Partial root-zone drying irrigation and water utilization efficiency by the potato crop in semi-arid regions in China. Scientia Horticulturae,134 (2012):20-25.

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Limited Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/34635

Solutions

Water conservancy projects in China

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Ecosystems
Impact assessment
Water Management
Water Storage

Languageen

Authors

Liu, Junguo
Zang, Chuanfu
Tian, Shiying
Yang, Hong
Jia, Shaofeng
You, Liangzhi
Liu, Bo
Zhang, Miao

Citation

Liu, Junguo;Zang, Chuanfu;Tian, Shiying;Liu, Jianguo;Yang, Hong;Jia, Shaofeng;You, Liangzhi;Liu, Bo;Zhang, Miao.2013.Water conservancy projects in China.https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.002

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/67232

Solutions