Water, Land and Ecosystems - Colombia

Approximating soil organic carbon stock in the Eastern Plains of Colombia

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Rainford, Shauna-kay
Martín López, Javier M.
Silva, Mayesse da

In Colombia, the rise of agricultural and pastureland expansion continues to exert increasing pressure on the structure and ecological processes of savannahs in the Eastern Plains. However, the effect of land use change on soil properties is often unknown due to poor access to remote areas. Effective management and conservation of soils requires the development spatial approaches that measure and predict dynamic soil properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC). This study estimates the SOC stock in the Eastern Plains of Colombia, with validation and uncertainty analyses, using legacy data of 653 soil samples. A random forest model of nine environmental covariate layers was used to develop predictions of SOC content. Model validation was determined using the Taylor series method, and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean error (ME) were calculated to assess model performance. We found that the model explained 50.28% of the variation within digital SOC content map. Raster layers of SOC content, bulk density, and coarse rock fragment within the Eastern Plains were used to calculate SOC stock within the region. With uncertainty, SOC stock in the topsoil of the Eastern Plains was 1.2 G t ha−1. We found that SOC content contributed nearly all the uncertainty in the SOC stock predictions, although better determinations of SOC stock can be obtained with the use of a more geomorphological diverse dataset. The digital soil maps developed in this study provide predictions of extant SOC content and stock in the topsoil of the Eastern Plains, important soil information that may provide insight into the development of research, regulatory, and legislative initiatives to conserve and manage this evolving ecosystem.

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Rainford, S.; Martín-López, J.M. ; Da Silva, M. (2021) Approximating soil organic carbon stock in the Eastern Plains of Colombia. Frontiers in Environmental Science 9:685819. ISSN: 2296-665X

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/114402

A rapid approach for informing the prioritization of degraded agricultural lands for ecological recovery: A case study for Colombia

Anonymous — Wed, 08 Dec 2021 12:38:51 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Sylvester, Janelle
Valencia, Jefferson
Verchot, Louis V.
Chirinda, Ngonidzashe
Romero Sánchez, Miguel Antonio
Quintero, Marcela
Castro Nuñez, Augusto

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Sylvester, J.; Valencia, J.; Verchot, L.V.; Chirinda, N.; Romero Sanchez, M.A.; Quintero, M.; Castro-Nunez, A. (2020) A rapid approach for informing the prioritization of degraded agricultural lands for ecological recovery: A case study for Colombia. Journal for Nature Conservation 58: 125921 ISSN: 1617-1381

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110304

Morphological Analysis Reveals a New Species of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba (Passifloraceae): Passiflora quimbayensis, an Endemic Species from Colombia

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Ocampo, John
Forero Pinto, Luis E
MacDougal, John M

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Citation

Ocampo, John A., Forero Pinto, Luis E., Macdougal, John M. (2018). Morphological Analysis Reveals a New Species of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba (Passifloraceae): Passiflora quimbayensis, an Endemic Species from Colombia. Systematic Botany, 43(1), 231–239.

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92941

The CGIAR research program on water, land and ecosystems (WLE)

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypePresentation

Subjects

Agricultural production
Benefit sharing mechanisms
Land Management

Languageen

Authors

CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems

The CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) combines the resources of 11 CGIAR centers and numerous international, regional and national partners to provide an integrated approach to natural resource management research. This program is led by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). This presentation provides an overview of the thematic areas that the research is categorized into as well as the focal regions where we work.

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CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 2013. The CGIAR research program on water, land and ecosystems (WLE). Powerpoint presentation . Colombo, Sri Lanka.

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Open Access

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/34787

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Morphological characterization in the genus Passiflora L.: an approach to understanding its complex variability

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Ocampo Pérez, John A.
d'Eeckenbrugge, Geo Coppens

Morphological variation was studied in 124 accessions from 61 Passiflora L. species. Twenty-four quantitative descriptors selected for their high variation among subgenera were submitted to a principal component analysis. The first principal component (32% of total variance) was associated with flower length and secondarily with floral cup constriction, the second (27%) with flower width and bract shape, and the third (14%) with peduncle branching, stem width, and leaf length, which relates it to the differentiation of subgenera Astrophea and Deidamioides. The projection of accessions in the resulting tridimensional space consistently separates the four subgenera, as well as supersection Tacsonia of subgenus Passiflora. A neighbor joining analysis, on a selection of 32 qualitative traits and four categorized quantitative variables, clustered species according to their chromosome number and, within subgenus Passiflora, separated supersections Tacsonia (pollinated by the sword-billed hummingbird) and Distephana (pollinated by shorter-billed hummingbirds) from all other, bee-pollinated, species. Thus, the morphological study allows separating the effects of genome evolution from those of more recent and independent coevolutions concerning the pollination syndromes of supersections Tacsonia and Distephana. Within subgenus Decaloba, diverging subclusters are consistent with supersections and particular sections, with the partial exception of supersection Decaloba. Within supersection Tacsonia, subclusters correspond to one or two sections, pointing to overclassification in the current taxonomy. Among the bee-pollinated species of subgenus Passiflora, only supersection Laurifolia is clearly validated. Most of these results are consistent with molecular phylogenetic studies, except for interspecific relations among bee-pollinated species of subgenus Passiflora, which appear particularly difficult to classify.

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Ocampo Pérez, John Albeiro; d’Eeckenbrugge, Geo Coppens. 2017. Morphological characterization in the genus Passiflora L.: an approach to understanding its complex variability. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303(4): 531-558.

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/80128

Passiflora gustaviana, a New Species of Passiflora (Supersection Laurifolia) from Colombia Revealed by Multivariate Analysis

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Ocampo Pérez, John A.
Molinari, Miguel

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Citation

Ocampo Pérez, John Albeiro; Molinari, Miguel. 2017. Passiflora gustaviana, a New Species of Passiflora (Supersection Laurifolia) from Colombia Revealed by Multivariate Analysis . Systematic Botany 42(4): 1-11.

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/89930

Variability and genetic structure of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f.flavicarpa Degener) in Colombia using microsatellite DNA markers = Variabilidad y estructura genética del maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) en Colombia...

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Ocampo Pérez, John A.
Acosta-Barón, Natali
Hernández Fernández, Javier

Colombia is one of the leading producers of yellow passion fruit but the genetic studies based on molecular markers from commercial plantations have not been considered to select interesting market material. The goal of this study was to assess the genetic variability and the population structure of 51 Colombian commercial yellow passion fruit accessions (102 individuals), and to provide the necessary information for prospective selection and breeding programs. Thus, a total of six microsatellites were amplified with 58 alleles identified and an average of 9.66 alleles per locus, including nine private and 31 rare. Diversity indexes showed polymorphic information content values of 0.74 (PIC), an observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity average of 0.52 and 0.78, respectively. Spatial distribution showed the greatest allelic richness (11 to 14) in most of the Valle del Cauca accessions. The average genetic distance among accessions was 0.68, and the cluster analysis showed three main groups poorly supported (bootstrap <50%), with slight geographical structure and high differentiation between individuals of the same accession. Structure analysis indicated K=4 as the genetic structure´s uppermost hierarchical level, while Bayesian clustering showed a division of individuals into four genetically distinct groups. The low geographic structure and high variability of the accessions could be explained by allogamy and seed exchange frequency among farmers. Results issued suggest a complementary agromorphological assessment to establish total genetic variability and implement a breeding program through assisted selection of superior genotypes in search of more productive and resistant cultivars to phytosanitary problems.

Citation

Ocampo, John A.; Acosta-Barón, Natali; Hernández-Fernández, Javier. 2017. Variability and genetic structure of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f.flavicarpa Degener) in Colombia using microsatellite DNA markers = Variabilidad y estructura genética del maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) en Colombia por medio de marcadores microsatélite. Agronomía Colombiana . 35(2): 135-149.

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Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/89616

The political ecology of hydropower in the Mekong River Basin

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Geheb, Kim
Suhardiman, Diana

Hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin is occurring at a rapid, though controversial pace, pitting a variety of stakeholder groups against each other at both intranational scale and international scale, and affecting state relations across scales. In this paper, we explore the narratives surrounding hydropower development in this basin, while referring to the concept of hydrosocial cycles as the central tool in our analysis. These look at the processes of socio-political construction of nature, viewing water as a medium that conveys power, and thus sources of both collaboration and conflict. While the Mekong hydropower narratives do, indeed, attempt to conflate the massive regulation of hydrological systems with large-scale social and economic ambitions, they are also intended to obscure a widespread and systemic effort to control and alienate the region’s waters via engineering at multiple scales.

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Geheb, K.; Suhardiman, Diana. 2019. The political ecology of hydropower in the Mekong River Basin. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 37: 8-13 (Online first) doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2019.02.001

Accessibility

Limited Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/101225

Ecosystem services research in Latin America: the state of the art

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

Regions

Latin America

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Ecosystems
Socio-economics

Languageen

Authors

Balvanera, Patricia
Uriarte, M.A
Almeida-Lenero, L.
Altesor, A.
DeClerck, Fabrice A.J.

Ecosystem services science has developed at a fast rate in Latin America, a region characterized by a high biological and cultural diversity, strong emphasis in foreign investment, and high socioeconomic inequities. Here we conducted the following analyses at the regional and national scales: (1) how and when did the study of ecosystem services arise in each country?, (2) what is our present understanding of ecosystem service supply, delivery to societies, and social and economic values?, (3) what is the state of the art in integrating tradeoffs among services and in using interdisciplinary perspectives?, and (4) how has ecosystem service research been connected to policy design or management for sustainability? A large literature review (>1000 references) showed that in Latin America ES supply and links to policy have been the most frequently assessed. Overall, emphasis has been placed on a few services, namely carbon and water. Payments for ecosystem services have received considerable attention in the region, though with strong differences across nations and with important limitations in their application. The future of the ecosystem service paradigm in Latin America will largely depend on its capacity to demonstrate effectiveness in meeting both conservation and development goals.

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Balvanera, P.; Uriarte, M.; Almeida-Lenero, L.; Altesor, A.; DeClerck, F. et al. (2012). Ecosystem services research in Latin America: the state of the art. Ecosystems Services 2: p. 56-70 ISSN: 2212-0416

Accessibility

Open Access

Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/10568/34620

Solutions

Social equity

Carbon storage potential of silvopastoral systems of Colombia

Anonymous — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 22:02:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Subjects

Climate change
Land restoration
Soil

Languageen

Authors

Aynekulu, Ermias
Suber, M.
Noordwijk, M. van
Arango, J.
Roshetko, J.M.
Rosenstock, Todd S.

Nine Latin American countries plan to use silvopastoral practices—incorporating trees into grazing lands—to mitigate climate change. However, the cumulative potential of scaling up silvopastoral systems at national levels is not well quantified. Here, we combined previously published tree cover data based on 250 m resolution MODIS satellite remote sensing imagery for 2000–2017 with ecofloristic zone carbon stock estimates to calculate historical and potential future tree biomass carbon storage in Colombian grasslands. Between 2000 and 2017, tree cover across all Colombian grasslands increased from 15% to 18%, with total biomass carbon (TBC) stocks increasing from 0.41 to 0.48 Pg. The range in 2017 carbon stock values in grasslands based on ecofloristic zones (5 to 122 Mg ha−1) suggests a potential for further increase. Increasing all carbon stocks to the current median and 75th percentile levels for the respective eco-floristic zone would increase TBC stocks by about 0.06 and 0.15 Pg, respectively. Incorporated into national C accounting, such Tier 2 estimates can set realistic targets for silvopastoral systems in nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) implementation plans in Colombia and other Latin American countries with similar contexts.

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Aynekulu, E.; Suber, M.; van Noordwijk, M.; Arango, J.; Roshetko, J. M.; Rosenstock, T. S. 2020. Carbon storage potential of silvopastoral systems of Colombia. Land. 9(9):309 doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/land9090309

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Open Access

Research Themes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/109684

Solutions