Water, Land and Ecosystems - Nepal

Understanding barriers and opportunities for scaling sustainable and inclusive farmer-led irrigation development in Nepal

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

Khadka, Manohara
Uprety, Labisha
Shrestha, Gitta
Minh, Thai Thi
Nepal, Shambhawi
Raut, Manita
Dhungana, Shashwat
Shahrin, S.
Krupnik, T. J.
Schmitter, Petra S.

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Khadka, Manohara; Uprety, Labisha; Shrestha, Gitta; Minh, Thai Thi; Nepal, Shambhawi; Raut, Manita; Dhungana, Shashwat; Shahrin, S.; Krupnik, T. J.; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Understanding barriers and opportunities for scaling sustainable and inclusive farmer-led irrigation development in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA). 92p.

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/115756

Floods as agents of vitality: reaffirming human-nature synergies

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeBrief

Languageen

Authors

Modak, S.
Ghosh, Surajit

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Modak, S.; Ghosh, Surajit. 2021. Floods as agents of vitality: reaffirming human-nature synergies. Neuotting, Germany: Water Science Policy (WSP). 7p. (Water Science Policy Brief) [doi: https://doi.org/10.53014/REHQ6535]

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116178

Examining migration governance: evidence of rising insecurities due to COVID-19 in China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Murzakulova, A.
Dessalegn, Mengistu
Phalkey, N.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the context of global migration. From a migration perspective, the pandemic is a source of insecurities that challenge migrants, their livelihoods and migration governance. Meanwhile, curtailment in movement has led to economic decline affecting labour markets. For migrant origin and hosting countries, this poses multidimensional development challenges. Analysis from March to August 2020 of China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand highlights the varying ways in which they are all severely affected by the disruptions in migration, suggesting a potentially emerging complex situation in migration patterns and pathways. The disruptions in migration and remittances have had a profound impact on migrants and migrant-sending households. The uncertainty of migration returning to pre-pandemic levels and the potential of lasting consequences on migrants and migration patterns and pathways, suggests a future of greater risk and exploitation, and a wider gap between formal and informal migration. This paper calls for greater mobility cooperation between countries and suggests strengthening mobility migration frameworks and policies for safer migration and for the rights of migrants.

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Murzakulova, A.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Phalkey, N. 2021. Examining migration governance: evidence of rising insecurities due to COVID-19 in China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand. Comparative Migration Studies, 9:44. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00254-0]

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/115757

State restructuring and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Nepal: lessons learned

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeBrief

Languageen

Authors

International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

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International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. State restructuring and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Nepal: lessons learned. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p.

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/116946

Examining social accountability tools in the water sector: a case study from Nepal

Anonymous — Wed, 29 Dec 2021 12:41:38 +0000

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

Dhungana, H.
Clement, F.
Otto, B.
Das, B.

Enhancing accountability has become an important objective of the governance reforms over the past two decades. Yet, only a few studies have explored the use of social accountability tools in the water sector in particular. This report aims to fill this gap, based on a case study of a donor-funded water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) program in Nepal. We document and analyze the effects of two types of social accountability tools implemented by the program: public hearings and social audits. We examined how these tools have contributed to increased transparency, participation, voice and accountability, and in turn discuss their potential to reduce corruption. We relied on qualitative methods to collect data in two case study water supply schemes in two districts of Nepal. The study found that the social accountability tools provided a platform for water users to participate and deliberate on issues related to the execution of WASH schemes. However, the scope of accountability narrowly focused on the integrity of the water user committees but did not provide the political resources and means for communities to hold funding and implementing agencies accountable. Furthermore, attention to budget management has not provided space to address environmental and social justice issues related to payment of wages, access to water and decision-making processes in the design of the water scheme and water allocation. Findings from the study also indicate that the concept of deliberation and downward accountability, as envisioned in international development discourses, does not necessarily match with local power relationships and local cultural norms.

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Dhungana, H.; Clement, F.; Otto, B.; Das, B. 2021. Examining social accountability tools in the water sector: a case study from Nepal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 29p. (IWMI Research Report 179) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.211]

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/114716

Gender dimensions of solid and liquid waste management for reuse in agriculture in Asia and Africa

Anonymous — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 11:34:33 +0000

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

Taron, Avinandan
Drechsel, Pay
Gebrezgabher, Solomie

This report examines social equality aspects related to resource recovery through solid waste composting and wastewater irrigation. The report shows that women are represented in greatest numbers at the base of the recycling chain, most often as informal waste pickers and as sorters of recyclables with limited access to resources and upward mobility. Despite a wide gender gap in the solid waste and sanitation sectors, women play a key role in both municipal waste reduction and food safety where irrigation water is unsafe. Analyzing the gender dimension is important for understanding household responses to recycling programs, differences between the formal and informal sectors as well as along the waste-to-resource value chain from collection to treatment and reuse. The report stresses the important role of women in household waste management, including waste segregation, and the power of women-dominated waste picker associations, where the informal sector plays an essential role alongside the formal sector.

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Taron, Avinandan; Drechsel, Pay; Gebrezgabher, Solomie. 2021. Gender dimensions of solid and liquid waste management for reuse in agriculture in Asia and Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 33p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 21) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.223]

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/115577

Solar irrigation in Nepal: a situation analysis report

Anonymous — Thu, 21 Oct 2021 11:36:32 +0000

TypeReport

Languageen

Authors

Shrestha, Shisher
Uprety, Labisha

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Shrestha, Shisher; Uprety, Labisha. 2021. Solar irrigation in Nepal: a situation analysis report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.218]

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/115270

The role of social identity in improving access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and health services: evidence from Nepal

Anonymous — Thu, 21 Oct 2021 11:36:32 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Balasubramanya, Soumya
Stifel, David
Alvi, M.
Ringler, Claudia

Motivation: COVID-19 has revived focus on improving equitable access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and health services in developing countries. Most public programming tends to rely on economic indicators to identify and target vulnerable groups. Can expanded targeting criteria that include social status help to improve not only targeting, but also equity in access to WASH and health services? Purpose: This paper assesses the role of social identity in mediating access to WASH and health services, controlling for economic disadvantages such as household wealth, income sources and assets. Methods and approach: We use regression analysis applied to the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to estimate the relationships between social identity and access to WASH and health services, controlling for wealth (using wealth index quantiles), and remittances (using indicator variables for domestic and international remittances). Findings: We find that differences in access are mediated in large part by caste, and religious and ethnic identity, especially in rural areas; suggesting that the supply of such services is lower for historically disadvantaged communities. In addition, communities with lowest access are not necessarily the most economically disadvantaged, indicating that relying solely on traditional economic indicators to target programs and interventions may not be sufficient to improve equity in access to public health services. Policy implications: The results make a case for broadening indicators beyond the economic criteria for improving targeting of public funds for more inclusive development.

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Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David; Alvi, M.; Ringler, C. 2022. The role of social identity in improving access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and health services: evidence from Nepal. Development Policy Review, 40(4):e12588. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12588]

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Open Access

Research Themes

Variability, Risks and Competing Uses

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/115275

Benefit cost analysis of adoption of small farm machineries for rice cultivation in Nepal

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Acharya, Prakash
Regmi, Punya Prasad
Gauchan, Devendra
Bahadur, Dilli
Bahadur, Gopal

A study was conducted in Jhapa, Sunsari and Bardiya district of Nepal to assess the benefit cost (BCA) analysis of small farm machineries (transplanter, reaper and power tiller) used for rice cultivation. Out of total respondents of 274 under mechanized farm category selected using Raosoft Software of sample size determination, 74% (20) reaper owner, 67% (20) power tiller owner and 100%(09) transplanter owner were selected for benefit cost analysis using simple random sampling. Analysis showed that benefit-cost ratio of reaper and power tiller was higher than (2.89) than transplanter (1.61). The investment on reaper and power appeared to be profitable because of their higher Benefit Cost ratio and internal rate of return, and lower payback period. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that investments in reaper and power tiller would be profitable even if decrease in benefit or increase in costis by 20%. However, in case of transplanter, the internal rate of return would be less than the discount rate when benefit decreases by 20% and cost increases by 20%. Due to high investment at the initial stage, the payback period was longer and IRR was also less than 30% per annum in transplanter, which indicated that investment would not be made for transplanter unless price of transplanter is lowered through regulation of price and provision of subsidy. It is suggested to motivate farmers for adoption of small farm machineries in rice cultivation through provision of differentiated rates of subsidy and technical capacity build up.

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Acharya, P.; Regmi, P.P.; Gauchan, D.; Bahadur, D.; Bahadur, G. (2020) Benefit cost analysis of adoption of small farm machineries for rice cultivation in Nepal. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8(4) p.448-453. ISSN: 2091-2609

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110726

Germplasm rescue and rebuilding local seed systems in red zone areas

Anonymous — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 11:37:41 +0000

TypeJournal Article

Languageen

Authors

Joshi, Bal Krishna
Gauchan, Devendra
Sapkota, Shreejana
Poudyal, Kritesh
Ghimire, Krishna Hari
Dongol, Durga Man Singh

Native agrobiodiversity become endangered and even lost due to natural disasters in red zone area such as earthquake that hit Nepal on April and May 2015. Endangered agricultural genetic resources should be rescued and revival of disrupted local seed system was essential for sustainable and productive agriculture in earthquake affected areas. The objectives of this paper are to document methods employed to rescue germplasm and rebuild local seed systems in earthquake affected areas to restore lost crop diversity and strengthen local seed systems. Among 14 severely hit districts by April 2015 earthquake in Nepal, 10 districts were selected for germplasm rescue and rebuilding local seed system. We surveyed households and sensitized relevant stakeholders. Earthquake affected areas were declared as red zones and status of crop landraces were assessed through survey, five cell analysis and focus group discussion. Three germplasm rescue techniques, namely direct rescue, diversity fair and indirect rescue were applied. Local seed systems were rebuilt through diversity fair, diversity block, seed exchange, repatriation and diversity kits. Collected accessions were characterized, multiplied and conserved in National Genebank and community seed banks. About 5-10% of total local crop diversity (based on the landraces) were lost due to earthquake in these districts. A total of 921 accessions of 61 crops along with 284 rare and endangered crop landraces were collected and rescued from 35 VDCs of 10 severely earthquake affected districts. Climate analogue sites and climate smart germplasm were identified for some of earthquake affected areas, and five landraces of four crops were repatriated. Participatory seed exchange, diversity fairs and 200 diversity kits (containing 3 to 5 varieties) were employed to revive the local seed systems. Farmers’ preferred landraces were conserved in Community Seed Bank in Lamjung and Dolakha and all collections were conserved in Naional Genebank, Khumaltar, Nepal. The study concludes that multiple approaches and tools are necessary for germplasm rescue and rebuilding local seed systems from red zone area

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Joshi, B.K.; Gauchan, D.; Sapkota, S.; Poudyal, K.; Ghimire, K.H.; Dongol, D.M.S. (2020) Germplasm rescue and rebuilding local seed systems in red zone areas. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2) p. 9-20. ISSN: 2661-6270

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Research Themes

Restoring Degraded Landscapes

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https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110708