The very first thing that needs to happen in SSA is the soil water regulation to conform deliveries (and diversions from impaired streams and rivers, largely due to drought-cycle, flood-cycle extremes) much, much more near plant demands.
Second, flooded border and furrow, of large basins, in most cases (Exception: Wellton_Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District in AZ) is wasteful and promotes weed growth.
In the US, precision irrigation means either center-pivot or drip micro. I'd vote for small water impondments, portable pumps, simple filtration, and above-ground dripperline, the latter 3 which also is removed and stored for security and long-life.
The very first thing that needs to happen in SSA is the soil water regulation to conform deliveries (and diversions from impaired streams and rivers, largely due to drought-cycle, flood-cycle extremes) much, much more near plant demands.
Second, flooded border and furrow, of large basins, in most cases (Exception: Wellton_Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District in AZ) is wasteful and promotes weed growth.
In the US, precision irrigation means either center-pivot or drip micro. I'd vote for small water impondments, portable pumps, simple filtration, and above-ground dripperline, the latter 3 which also is removed and stored for security and long-life.