How close is the world to “peak phosphorus” — that point in time when production of phosphorus will reach its maximum and it will get harder to access it? The answer to this question is crucial as its availability influences a country’s food security.
Presence of phosphorus is essential in soil for crop growth and its shortfall can result in reduction of crop yield. But the reserves of phosphate rock, the main source of the element is fast depleting.
With an annual increase of 2.3 per cent in its demand, phosphorus reserves will most likely get exhausted in another 50 to 100 years, states a 2015 study by professors of the West Bengal State University, Kolkata.
Population pressure and increasing water competition in a changing climate require us to take stock of the availability and use of water across scales. Water availability not only influences farmers’ commercial prospects but also irrigation-related enterprises and agri-businesses. Greater water scarcity could jeopardize irrigation and agricultural markets while excessive water use can lead to declining ecosystems, water quality and soil health. IWMI advises development partners and the public and private sectors on all aspects of water resource availability and use through a variety of advanced modeling and remote-sensing products and tools, including 
The ability of farmers to engage in or expand irrigation depends on the prevailing socioeconomic, ecological and political contexts, which are often complex, non-linear and changeable. Overcoming systemic barriers to farmer-led irrigation development while taking advantage of existing opportunities 
A lack of affordable credit, particularly for women and resource-poor farmers, is one of the main barriers to expanding farmer-led irrigation in low- and middle-income countries. But 
Scaling farmer-led irrigation requires strengthening human capacity and knowledge exchange among all actors and stakeholders involved. IWMI takes an action research approach, working with national and international research institutions, governments, extension agents and public and private organizations to co-develop the scaling ecosystem and strengthen capacity to drive scaling networks and collective action. We support the