Based on years of research, the assessment of environmental flows (or E-flows) has begun to take on a strategic role in the efforts of developing countries to keep their rivers healthy. With support from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and its partners, countries are using E-flow calculators to plan the management of water resources in major river basins and to report more accurately on progress toward water-related targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2019. Assessment of environmental flows for river health. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 4p. (IWMI Success Stories 025) [DOI]
Population pressure and increasing water competition in a changing climate require us to take stock of the availability and use of water across scales. Water availability not only influences farmers’ commercial prospects but also irrigation-related enterprises and agri-businesses. Greater water scarcity could jeopardize irrigation and agricultural markets while excessive water use can lead to declining ecosystems, water quality and soil health. IWMI advises development partners and the public and private sectors on all aspects of water resource availability and use through a variety of advanced modeling and remote-sensing products and tools, including 
The ability of farmers to engage in or expand irrigation depends on the prevailing socioeconomic, ecological and political contexts, which are often complex, non-linear and changeable. Overcoming systemic barriers to farmer-led irrigation development while taking advantage of existing opportunities 
A lack of affordable credit, particularly for women and resource-poor farmers, is one of the main barriers to expanding farmer-led irrigation in low- and middle-income countries. But 
Scaling farmer-led irrigation requires strengthening human capacity and knowledge exchange among all actors and stakeholders involved. IWMI takes an action research approach, working with national and international research institutions, governments, extension agents and public and private organizations to co-develop the scaling ecosystem and strengthen capacity to drive scaling networks and collective action. We support the