Despite sustaining the livelihoods of millions of Africans, the continent’s agricultural sector remains dependent on erratic seasonal rains. According to the International Water Management Institute, irrigation covers just seven percent of sub-Saharan Africa’s total cultivated area of 183 million hectares – the lowest proportion of irrigation anywhere in the world.
With the continent on the front line of climate change, rain is expected to become ever more sporadic. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), this will further impact production of African wheat, rice and maize. There is an urgent need for climate neutral solutions to help farmers draw every last drop of water from their land.
Population pressure and increasing water competition in a changing climate require us to take stock of the availability and use of water across scales. Water availability not only influences farmers’ commercial prospects but also irrigation-related enterprises and agri-businesses. Greater water scarcity could jeopardize irrigation and agricultural markets while excessive water use can lead to declining ecosystems, water quality and soil health. IWMI advises development partners and the public and private sectors on all aspects of water resource availability and use through a variety of advanced modeling and remote-sensing products and tools, including 
The ability of farmers to engage in or expand irrigation depends on the prevailing socioeconomic, ecological and political contexts, which are often complex, non-linear and changeable. Overcoming systemic barriers to farmer-led irrigation development while taking advantage of existing opportunities 
A lack of affordable credit, particularly for women and resource-poor farmers, is one of the main barriers to expanding farmer-led irrigation in low- and middle-income countries. But 
Scaling farmer-led irrigation requires strengthening human capacity and knowledge exchange among all actors and stakeholders involved. IWMI takes an action research approach, working with national and international research institutions, governments, extension agents and public and private organizations to co-develop the scaling ecosystem and strengthen capacity to drive scaling networks and collective action. We support the